As always, I'm grateful for your contributions. They are brilliant and provocative. It is a multifaceted challenge to reply, which gives me great pleasure.
I was always suspicious of recovery ethnographies-- such as those written about the Yanomami tribe. There was a big market for and a University (in the Lacanian sense) discursive orientation to understand ourselves through an imagined past.
My mentor-- a real lighthouse in an institution of increasing darkness-- said something to me like this: the Yanomami never bought in; they were always outsiders. (He would know. He was part of such an ethnographic detail in the early 70s. He wrote about customs, family structure and trade networks; his wife wrote about Nestle replacing nursing).
Based on his thoughts, my experiences, and the study of Stolen History, I think of these groups as survivors and outsiders. Something big went down. (I tend to agree with
@Jef Demolder that that occurred in the
14th century). People were scattered. In many regions cities, fried or buried, became no-go zones. (To this day, I've yet to meet a Blackfeet who knows that there was something here prior to the arrival of white-people, despite the photographic and common-sense forensic evidence. I reckon the blackout was that total). After the calamity, these people had no central frequency to tune to. They started to hear, feel and follow the spirits of nature-- a predilection which may indicate why they survived in the first place.
To speculate on libidinal energy-- that (dark and crude, like oil) psychic energy at the heart of economic life in this world of ours (see,
Eyes Wide Shut, 1999)-- based on ethnographic observation is pretty dubious. We live in strongly regulated discursive and physical containment fields. Therefore, our own fields of perception and re-cognition are limited; meanwhile, we transmit signals of our own. These signals are mixed; tribes-- this is well known-- mimic, and so do we; ethnographies were produced; and to be understood, they had to speak, for or against, in an approved University discourse. (Thus, the zany and dangerous spiritual and physical wars described in many ethnographies: frequency patterns had become mixed and unmanageable at the local level; people were disturbed; improvisational patterns gave way to violence and resignation). By the mid 19th century, this re-encroachment of a reborn civilization was coming with the speed of recovered railways; the force of a growing archive of laws and theories; the intelligibility of pre-fab imaginary frameworks; the physical finality of fences and guns.
Before the white-people found Oz out here, I can easily imagine living in a condition where sexual energy was not the central preoccupation. One could walk out of the village or encampment and commune with all sorts of energies, different frequency patterns. Rivers, elk, badgers, mice, winds, bitter-root, bees, trout-- all speaking. A buzzing confusion? Perhaps. But there was an order to things, call it Nature. The people, yet able to speak, could code the information and transmit it to each over time. Time, as we understand it, was not a concern. Nature tells people, in strong and subtle tones what to do and when. Sexual energies may or not have been strictly proscribed. My guess is that a certain laxity and, yes, creativity could prevail. But-- when sexual energy is not the supreme concern of control, there is no deviance. Thus, there is no seduction of transgression; no need to either enforce or f-with a prevailing Symbolic order. Why should there be? There was-- and still is-- an abundance of energy patterns to engage and contemplate.
There was a permeability of life forces and information. I don't want too be romantic. Life had to have been difficult. It always has been. For this reason alone there had to be communal order. Here I'll turn, with some trepidation, to the subject of childhood sexuality. Somewhere, Freud caustically commented on the adult refusal to acknowledge childhood sexuality. And so? When I was a child I was accosted by sexually aggressive young girls. They were years ahead of me in bodily and emotional maturity. But we knew-- we all knew-- everything was permitted, so long as parents didn't hear of it. We didn't want to disturb the communal order. So we were cautious. Parents, in turn, probably knew, but didn't want hear about it. And I can write as a parent: "
hop on pop" ended in my household when I was suddenly hit by acute anxiety. Under that anxiety was a thought: this play is about to transform in ways that are not beneficial for all parties. Similarly, my mom wouldn't allow me to "crawl into bed with her" after about 6 years of age. In each case, an unspoken prohibition was put in place. A certain loss-- call it a loss of innocence-- occurred. Kids could roam around and play pretty freely until the mid-1990s or so. Then, a quiet hysteria gripped communal life in America and certainly Asia (and no doubt elsewhere). We, in our quietly held norms, had become prey.
From where did the original norms arise? Perhaps partly from Northern European ideas. But that doesn't explain it sufficiently for me. Norms and definitions vary, of course. So, too, do terminologies and frames of reference. But I think there is more. The Socrates of Plato offered that people are born with, as an inheritance from prior lives, the capacity to re-collection. There are truths that we bring into this life, and we know-- if we are paying attention-- when we violate them. Sex with one's kids seems to me to be one. This doesn't prove Socrates correct. My best proof for that came from pianist Bill Evans who intimated in an interview that he performed with the belief that there is a universal musical good. He didn't try to define it. He simply said you know it when you hear it. Despite his great genius, he was limited like every musician. He wrote and performed under those limitations with something in mind that can't be defined. And I and millions of others can hear it, too.
I really doubt that tribal people couldn’t hear or recollect this type of knowledge. One facet of many “pre-modern” (in quotes because we are all contemporaneous) cultures that proves it for me is the practice of trading women. This may seem perverse or even hysterical; for it seems to favor patriarchy. Perhaps it does. But as a father, I can attest that girls can be real trouble. They need to move out and slowly create and take control of their own households. I really doubt that a father could trade off his daughter if he had abused her sexually. The senior women in the counter-party would sense it. For they have sharp senses, deep intuition, and – I would argue-- an
a priori notion of what a genuine and very valuable female addition to any community should be.
This brings me to eunuchs. It seems to me that to be truly tuned to the artifice of the prevailing social order, a huge problem is one’s sexual drives and the fallout from their exercise. Ritual and repetition replace flows of energies-- unless those energies and flows are aligned with the prevailing order. Circumcision appears to be a sign of allegiance to that regulatory order, which people have been conditioned to reproduce as natural. Are people troubled by it? Probably not. It would take some digging and “instruction”-- in the Socratic sense-- to get people to admit to it. As Socrates also notes, most people do go and live happily because they are in tune with the hive.