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I know there are very few star fortresses in North America and maybe there could be more, they were just destroyed, this star fortress in Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico is the example.
Actually, I don't know if this star fort has had another name before, but today it is the Bishopric building.
Apparently this fort is destroyed after the Mexican-American war but no description of the fort, how and by whom it was built is ever given, in fact it is never mentioned.
In 1846 the military C.R. Norman of the 1st U.S. Regiment. I make this interesting map of Monterrey, in which he incorporates images, the citadel fort, location and shape, a plan view and a front view of what it looked like.
The temple above is called:
Cerro del Obispado (Bishop Hill)
This image could be the clearest image of the remains of the fortress under this temple.
The building was built at the end of the Viceroyalty at the request of the Franciscan friar Rafael José Verger, second Bishop of the Diocese of Linares, who promoted the erection of a house of rest and prayer on land that was ceded to him by the City Council of the city of Monterrey in 1787 (although there is no record that the land was ceded). After the death of Fray Rafael José Verger and after the Independence, the Bishopric was used as a military fortress, having an outstanding role in the defense of the city during the American Invasion (1846), the French Intervention (1864), the Revolt of the Noria (1871) and the Mexican Revolution (1913 and 1914). The building, however, suffered some modifications and went through periods of complete ruin and abandonment, being also used as a lazaretto during the epidemics of 1898 and 1903, and as a cabaret in 1920.
Perhaps there were more fortresses as the description of the Battle of Monterrey tells us...
The Battle of Monterrey was a battle of the Mexican-American War fought during the month of September 1846 in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Its inhabitants demonstrated mettle and courage during the battles recorded.
The plaza was commanded by General Pedro Ampudia from several barracks: Fortín de la Ciudadela, Fortín de la Tenería, Fortín de la Federación, Rincón del Diablo, Fortín Puente de la Purísima and Cerro del Obispado. The call for the defense of the plaza was made on June 21, 1846 in view of the imminent attack on the city.
Battle of Monterrey
Monterrey went through two foundation attempts, the first two failed due to the resistance of the indigenous people of the region. (1577 y 78).
A few years later, the kings of Spain decided not to pay for any more exploration trips, giving freedom to whoever wanted to do so, as long as it was with their own funds and at their own expense. Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva traveled to Spain and negotiated with King Philip II the conquest, pacification and settlement of what would be called the New Kingdom of León. The proposal was accepted and Carvajal returned to New Spain, disembarking in Tampico.
In a short time he dominated all the territory and the small towns in the south. Then he went to the place where Santa Lucia had been founded and in 1582 he founded the town of San Luis Rey de Francia, second name of Monterrey. This foundation failed because Carvajal was handed over to the Inquisition due to a denunciation by Fray Juan de la Magdalena. He was accused of being an accessory and died in the jail of the court.
Diego de Montemayor also decided to return, who after being granted the title of lieutenant by the governor of Nueva Vizcaya (eastern part of the current state of Coahuila). Accompanied by twelve families, Montemayor arrived in the Valley of Extremadura and founded the Metropolitan City of Our Lady of Monterrey on September 20, 1596.
When the news that Miguel Hidalgo had taken up arms against Spanish power reached Monterrey, the governor of Nuevo León, Santa María, sent commander Juan Ignacio Ramón south to contain the insurgents who, along with Hidalgo, had started the independence movement. Instead of containing the insurgency, Ramón quickly joined the insurgent group led by Mariano Jiménez. Santa María also eventually joined the independence movement.
From Saltillo, Jiménez sent Juan Bautista Carrasco and Ignacio Camargo to Monterrey to control the northern towns and on January 26, 1811, he himself arrived in Monterrey where he was received with joy. There he named José Santiago Villareal governor and returned to Saltillo upon learning of Hidalgo's defeat. A counterrevolutionary group formed in Texas ended up shooting Santa María and Juan Ignacio Ramón. Upon his death, a Government Junta was created in Monterrey, presided over by Blas José Gómez (1813). In the region there were constant guerrillas during the revolutionary period, led by José Herrera, Pedro Báez Treviño, José María Sada and many other insurgents. On July 3, 1821, Gaspar López, governor of Nuevo León, proclaimed his adherence to the Plan de Iguala and swore the oath of Independence in Monterrey.
The Battle of Monterrey was a battle of the Mexican-American War that took place during the month of September 1846 in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo León.
Here it is supposed that the star fort under the temple was destroyed.
Monterrey - Wikipedia
All this was pure wikipedia history.
However, I would like to take a look at the old maps until such war against the United States.
First we see 1570 Ortelius, today forgotten kingdoms like Marata, Civola, Quivira, etc. appear.
Second 1665 Joan Blaeu, all in Amarillo, shows us a great change in the continent.
Third 1682 Frederick de Wit, California has separated, there are quite interesting territorial boundaries.
Fourth 1740 Nicolaes Visscher, territorial limitations have changed only slightly, California is still an island.
Fifth 1786 Louis Brion de La Tour, California has returned, there are still some territorial limitations.
1753 Leonhard Euler, what a great gap this map shows us, which perhaps was the one that caused the separation of California but in the end it is united again as we see here.
1819 Lapie, Pierre M. It is until this map that the territory shows what we all know as "The New Spain" but it appears after Independence.
1847 Giuseppe Rodini, this map shows what the territory looks like.
I hope it helps me to form some possible picture if one of what I have learned here:
Yemelian Ivanovich Pugachev He was a Don Cossack, leader of the 1773-1775 popular uprising in Russia.
This day marks the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, in which the country proclaimed its formal separation from the British Empire.
The Anglo-American War of 1812, also known as the Anglo-American War or War of 1812.
The Napoleonic invasion of Russia, also called the Napoleon-led invasion of the Russian Empire in 1812, was a turning point in the course of the Napoleonic wars. (Actually it was a coalition of several European nations against Tartary).
Add all the independences in America since 1810.
The Mexican-American War between 1846 and 1848. It began as a consequence of the expansionist pretensions of the United States, whose first step was the creation of the Republic of Texas.
The Crimean War was a conflict that between 1853 and 1856 pitted the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Greece against a league formed by the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia. It took place mainly on the Crimean peninsula, around the naval base of Sevastopol.
The American Civil War or Civil War from 1861 to 1865. As a result of a historical controversy over slavery, Confederate States of America forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after President Abraham Lincoln took office. Union nationalists proclaimed their allegiance to the U.S. Constitution. They clashed with secessionists in the Confederate States, who defended states' rights to expand slavery.
(It is around this time that the Circassian genocide took place). The Circassian Genocide and the American Civil War.
The second French intervention in Mexico likewise was an armed conflict between Mexico and France between the years 1862 and 1867.
As I understood in another forum thread, Russia helped Lincoln to defeat the Confederates by not allowing Great Britain and France to prepare an invasion of the United States from Mexico and Canada, Russia sent its fleets to California and New York. SH Archive - 1863 Russian involvement in the US Civil War
Napoleon III intended to establish a colonial Empire in America and set up a monarchy in Mexico from where he planned to support the Confederates in the American Civil War and drastically diminish the power of the United States in the region. The United States officially protested Austria's support on May 6.
May 5 is widely celebrated in the United States, why?
The U.S. Federalists won the Civil War, being now in a better position to help Benito Juarez, who at that time was with his parallel government in Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juarez) with weapons and logistics, and with that, the Mexican guerrillas would begin to inflict defeats on the French Army.
The Austrian Empire had lost the Austro-Prussian War.
Somehow I find this approach of Anatoly Fomenko interesting:
1200 first Rome Egypt, Gypsy-Roman
Second Rome Yoros, Troy, Tsar Grad and soon after to Constantinople, Istanbul.
Third Rome Yaroslav, Novgorod, Kievan Rus, "Ancient Rome" (This is the third but many consider it as the first and ignore the other two).
The first focal point was undoubtedly Egypt, then between XIV - XVI the focal point was the Mongol Empire (Genghis Khan changed the name from Scythia to Greater Tartary).
1400 - 1600 Fourth Rome from Constantinople, Ottoman, Istanbul (Global Empire)
1700 Fifth Rome in Moscow, remember that Moscow is Tartary and was what Napoleon and Alexander attacked (this is where the "Tartary" Horde disintegrates with uprisings of new nations aspiring for global control)
Colonialism as we know it appears.
Spanish Empire, British, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese.
I hope you have an interesting panorama to show me, those maps certainly tell a different story and sorry if I suddenly lost the thread that started with this strong star in Monterrey.
It is said that independence from Mexico for these northern Mexican towns did not make much sense because in fact they always considered themselves independent, which I found curious.
Actually, I don't know if this star fort has had another name before, but today it is the Bishopric building.
Apparently this fort is destroyed after the Mexican-American war but no description of the fort, how and by whom it was built is ever given, in fact it is never mentioned.
In 1846 the military C.R. Norman of the 1st U.S. Regiment. I make this interesting map of Monterrey, in which he incorporates images, the citadel fort, location and shape, a plan view and a front view of what it looked like.
The temple above is called:
Cerro del Obispado (Bishop Hill)
This image could be the clearest image of the remains of the fortress under this temple.
The building was built at the end of the Viceroyalty at the request of the Franciscan friar Rafael José Verger, second Bishop of the Diocese of Linares, who promoted the erection of a house of rest and prayer on land that was ceded to him by the City Council of the city of Monterrey in 1787 (although there is no record that the land was ceded). After the death of Fray Rafael José Verger and after the Independence, the Bishopric was used as a military fortress, having an outstanding role in the defense of the city during the American Invasion (1846), the French Intervention (1864), the Revolt of the Noria (1871) and the Mexican Revolution (1913 and 1914). The building, however, suffered some modifications and went through periods of complete ruin and abandonment, being also used as a lazaretto during the epidemics of 1898 and 1903, and as a cabaret in 1920.
Perhaps there were more fortresses as the description of the Battle of Monterrey tells us...
The Battle of Monterrey was a battle of the Mexican-American War fought during the month of September 1846 in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Its inhabitants demonstrated mettle and courage during the battles recorded.
The plaza was commanded by General Pedro Ampudia from several barracks: Fortín de la Ciudadela, Fortín de la Tenería, Fortín de la Federación, Rincón del Diablo, Fortín Puente de la Purísima and Cerro del Obispado. The call for the defense of the plaza was made on June 21, 1846 in view of the imminent attack on the city.
Battle of Monterrey
Monterrey went through two foundation attempts, the first two failed due to the resistance of the indigenous people of the region. (1577 y 78).
A few years later, the kings of Spain decided not to pay for any more exploration trips, giving freedom to whoever wanted to do so, as long as it was with their own funds and at their own expense. Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva traveled to Spain and negotiated with King Philip II the conquest, pacification and settlement of what would be called the New Kingdom of León. The proposal was accepted and Carvajal returned to New Spain, disembarking in Tampico.
In a short time he dominated all the territory and the small towns in the south. Then he went to the place where Santa Lucia had been founded and in 1582 he founded the town of San Luis Rey de Francia, second name of Monterrey. This foundation failed because Carvajal was handed over to the Inquisition due to a denunciation by Fray Juan de la Magdalena. He was accused of being an accessory and died in the jail of the court.
Diego de Montemayor also decided to return, who after being granted the title of lieutenant by the governor of Nueva Vizcaya (eastern part of the current state of Coahuila). Accompanied by twelve families, Montemayor arrived in the Valley of Extremadura and founded the Metropolitan City of Our Lady of Monterrey on September 20, 1596.
When the news that Miguel Hidalgo had taken up arms against Spanish power reached Monterrey, the governor of Nuevo León, Santa María, sent commander Juan Ignacio Ramón south to contain the insurgents who, along with Hidalgo, had started the independence movement. Instead of containing the insurgency, Ramón quickly joined the insurgent group led by Mariano Jiménez. Santa María also eventually joined the independence movement.
From Saltillo, Jiménez sent Juan Bautista Carrasco and Ignacio Camargo to Monterrey to control the northern towns and on January 26, 1811, he himself arrived in Monterrey where he was received with joy. There he named José Santiago Villareal governor and returned to Saltillo upon learning of Hidalgo's defeat. A counterrevolutionary group formed in Texas ended up shooting Santa María and Juan Ignacio Ramón. Upon his death, a Government Junta was created in Monterrey, presided over by Blas José Gómez (1813). In the region there were constant guerrillas during the revolutionary period, led by José Herrera, Pedro Báez Treviño, José María Sada and many other insurgents. On July 3, 1821, Gaspar López, governor of Nuevo León, proclaimed his adherence to the Plan de Iguala and swore the oath of Independence in Monterrey.
The Battle of Monterrey was a battle of the Mexican-American War that took place during the month of September 1846 in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo León.
Here it is supposed that the star fort under the temple was destroyed.
Monterrey - Wikipedia
All this was pure wikipedia history.
However, I would like to take a look at the old maps until such war against the United States.
First we see 1570 Ortelius, today forgotten kingdoms like Marata, Civola, Quivira, etc. appear.
Second 1665 Joan Blaeu, all in Amarillo, shows us a great change in the continent.
Third 1682 Frederick de Wit, California has separated, there are quite interesting territorial boundaries.
Fourth 1740 Nicolaes Visscher, territorial limitations have changed only slightly, California is still an island.
Fifth 1786 Louis Brion de La Tour, California has returned, there are still some territorial limitations.
1819 Lapie, Pierre M. It is until this map that the territory shows what we all know as "The New Spain" but it appears after Independence.
1847 Giuseppe Rodini, this map shows what the territory looks like.
I hope it helps me to form some possible picture if one of what I have learned here:
Yemelian Ivanovich Pugachev He was a Don Cossack, leader of the 1773-1775 popular uprising in Russia.
This day marks the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, in which the country proclaimed its formal separation from the British Empire.
The Anglo-American War of 1812, also known as the Anglo-American War or War of 1812.
The Napoleonic invasion of Russia, also called the Napoleon-led invasion of the Russian Empire in 1812, was a turning point in the course of the Napoleonic wars. (Actually it was a coalition of several European nations against Tartary).
Add all the independences in America since 1810.
The Mexican-American War between 1846 and 1848. It began as a consequence of the expansionist pretensions of the United States, whose first step was the creation of the Republic of Texas.
The Crimean War was a conflict that between 1853 and 1856 pitted the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Greece against a league formed by the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia. It took place mainly on the Crimean peninsula, around the naval base of Sevastopol.
The American Civil War or Civil War from 1861 to 1865. As a result of a historical controversy over slavery, Confederate States of America forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after President Abraham Lincoln took office. Union nationalists proclaimed their allegiance to the U.S. Constitution. They clashed with secessionists in the Confederate States, who defended states' rights to expand slavery.
(It is around this time that the Circassian genocide took place). The Circassian Genocide and the American Civil War.
The second French intervention in Mexico likewise was an armed conflict between Mexico and France between the years 1862 and 1867.
As I understood in another forum thread, Russia helped Lincoln to defeat the Confederates by not allowing Great Britain and France to prepare an invasion of the United States from Mexico and Canada, Russia sent its fleets to California and New York. SH Archive - 1863 Russian involvement in the US Civil War
Napoleon III intended to establish a colonial Empire in America and set up a monarchy in Mexico from where he planned to support the Confederates in the American Civil War and drastically diminish the power of the United States in the region. The United States officially protested Austria's support on May 6.
May 5 is widely celebrated in the United States, why?
The U.S. Federalists won the Civil War, being now in a better position to help Benito Juarez, who at that time was with his parallel government in Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juarez) with weapons and logistics, and with that, the Mexican guerrillas would begin to inflict defeats on the French Army.
The Austrian Empire had lost the Austro-Prussian War.
Somehow I find this approach of Anatoly Fomenko interesting:
1200 first Rome Egypt, Gypsy-Roman
Second Rome Yoros, Troy, Tsar Grad and soon after to Constantinople, Istanbul.
Third Rome Yaroslav, Novgorod, Kievan Rus, "Ancient Rome" (This is the third but many consider it as the first and ignore the other two).
The first focal point was undoubtedly Egypt, then between XIV - XVI the focal point was the Mongol Empire (Genghis Khan changed the name from Scythia to Greater Tartary).
1400 - 1600 Fourth Rome from Constantinople, Ottoman, Istanbul (Global Empire)
1700 Fifth Rome in Moscow, remember that Moscow is Tartary and was what Napoleon and Alexander attacked (this is where the "Tartary" Horde disintegrates with uprisings of new nations aspiring for global control)
Colonialism as we know it appears.
Spanish Empire, British, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese.
I hope you have an interesting panorama to show me, those maps certainly tell a different story and sorry if I suddenly lost the thread that started with this strong star in Monterrey.
It is said that independence from Mexico for these northern Mexican towns did not make much sense because in fact they always considered themselves independent, which I found curious.
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