The problem with the stories of migrations and the methods of travel and the distances covered is one of logistics.
It is claimed for example that the Vandals numbering 160000 people, so presumably men, women, children of all ages, with belongings and probably animals, sailed in ships assembled in the med, through the straits and up towards Ireland. Not only did they accomplish this in good enough order to land and set about destroying and pillaging Ireland they sailed as a great fleet.
Numbers of ships, types of ships, crew numbers etc are all missing. 160000 people is a colossal number of people and baggage to Marshall together and embark and disembark again in a hostile land with an unknown coastline, tidal range. For the journey from start to finish be done in persistent good weather is unlikely but not impossible.
I know of no other way to establish the carrying capacity of their ships other than with comparison to wooden ships whose carrying capacity is known from building plans and journals.
This is the largest known wooden sailing ship.
Wyoming (schooner) - Wikipedia
I have discounted her as she was a failure due to her length.
This ship fits better to my mind as a basis for looking into the Vandal ships.
Götheborg of Sweden, replica of the world's largest wooden sailing ship
Her crew numbers 80.
Passenger numbers are not known.
It seems to me to be highly unlikely that ships of such size were possible to build in Vandal times. Again not impossible but unlikely.
So using crew per ton as a marker we see a crew of 80 is required to man a ship of 788 tons unladen.
Almost exactly 1 crew member for every 10 tons.
It is claimed the Vandals attacked and sank a Roman fleet off the Mediterranean coast of Spain using ships with 40 crew on board. It isn't clear from the accounts if that was the total number of people on board or just crew members. These ships are said to be small highly maneuverable and fast.
Assuming its crew members it and the marker established above it would put the ships tonnage at 400 tons.
Assuming the crew was one third of the number it would put the ships tonnage at 130 tons.
Assuming the crew was one quarter of the number it would put the tonnage at 100 tons
A 400 ton ship is not going to be as maneuverable as a 100 ton ship. It could be as fast if it had greater area of sail but that's it.
The Vandals themselves are claimed to have arisen and come out of the middle of northern Europe. An area without a coastline and access to the sea. It is claimed they advanced in a south westerly direction down through modern day France and into the Iberian peninsular sacking lands that were part of the Western Roman Empire. So a lot achieved on land without using and sea travel.
There is no indication of their number save for the claim of 160000 leaving the med years later.
160000 people would only contain a proportion of fit fighting age men that presumably would be reduced over time by fighting, diseases and desertion and marriage.
It seems to me to be a ridiculously small number of people to rampage through the route claimed and get to the straits in sufficient number and fitness to be able to cross into North Africa by ship and set about attacking the Roman controlled North African coast and hinterland.
The Romans there would likely we well aware of the impact these men had had on the European mainland portion of the Empire so I wouldn't expect them to just sit and await their fate.
Then comes the question of the claim that the Vandals ships were lightly built and would not stand breaching. A claim made for the Roman navy of the time as well.
The strength of a ship is there to withstand the launching. Repairs to hulls of any ship large or small made of any material cannot be done whilst its afloat. So they have to be removed from the water or the water removed from them.
Beaching at high tide is the easiest method of getting a dry hull to work on. It involves no machinery just a judgement of tides.
This alone shows the claim of being lightly built to be pure fantasy.
What I would say is the ships of the med are built for the seas encountered in the med. The seas encountered in the Atlantic beyond the straits of Gibraltar are of an order of magnitude more dangerous. Ships built to sail up and down the coast of Europe and Africa have to be more robust than ships built to sail Mediterranean coasts for this reason.
Ships from the Atlantic could cope well with Mediterranean seas but I would argue ships from the med couldn't cope with anything but the most benign Atlantic seas.
Back to the size of ships.
Today we see overloaded migrant ships making the trip across the med and unknown numbers sinking on the crossing. All of these ships seem to be under 100 tons in size. That some make it across is undisputed so the ships themselves can cope with the seas they encounter.
None of them would last long on the journey through the straits and up to Britain, for example.
Sanitation on these ships is non existent and the potable water and food position is never mentioned but it cannot be good.
These ships are also motor powdered not sail powered so can sail in any direction independent of wind and current direction. The vandals ships were sail powered so only able to sail where wind and current permitted.
As they had no sea faring tradition or skills of their own it has to be the case that any crew on the ship was native to the lands along the med coast of the Iberian peninsular. This would mean that if nothing else the ships captain and crew would know the seas they sailed in even though the Vandals themselves did not.. As time went on its probable some Vandal men took to the sea and became accomplished sailors and navigators but never I would argue gaining a majority big enough to displace native seafarers.
The ships must have been built by shipbuilders already present on the coasts when the Vandals pitched up on their looting and destroying adventure. Given they were said to be ruthless and destroyed town after town its a wonder why and shipbuilding facility or timber yard survived their attentions let alone how the shipbuilders themselves survived the swords of the Vandals.
Yet somehow ships and their builders endured.
The number of ports with jetties or docks in them I know not but I would wager most of the loading and unloading of ships with cargo and people was done on beaches or in sheltered harbour boat and barge transfers. This again points to the strength of the ships of the med being built to withstand the initial launch and subsequent beaching's.
Undoubtedly some ships from the med did sail out into the coastal areas of Europe an Africa either side of the straits and possibly further afield but suggest it was neither the norm nor the bulk of the shipping within the med that did this.
Quite how it was possible to assemble and manage sufficient ships to embark 160000 people, their baggage and animals in port and on beach manned by crews whose captains would know the Atlantic's winds and currents let alone the destination of Ireland is beyond me.
Logistically these ships would have to each carry sufficient water and food for the voyage as their former land of the Iberian Peninsular were said to be independent of the Roman Empire and the Vandals had been pushed into North Afrtica thus once through the strait they could not land again until they found the shores of Ireland.
Shores alien to I would argue all aboard in the fleet bar navigators or pilots who had made the journey previously.
Assuming the ships made landfall on the shores of Ireland safely and in good order fresh water and food must have been in very short supply given the capacity of the ships and the distance travelled. Ireland's shores would literally be shit or bust time.
Presumably the ships carrying fighting men would be first to land up and clear away any force of fighting men assembled on shore to stop them. How they knew where to beach their ships or which ports to enter is anyone's guess.
How long would it take to establish a safe landing spot or given the numbers claimed, landing spits for the bulk of those travelling to disembark safely?
Each subsequent day they had to stay on their ships reduced potable water and food and the condition of the people and any animals they had with them.
It makes less and less sense.
The Vandals might easily go unsighted from the shores and cliffs if the people of Ireland had no idea they were coming. Its a bit less easy to accept that once the Vandals ships began disembarking they could do so unnoticed nor unmolested. Whatever armed force was present in Ireland at that time must have been alerted and assembled from across the entirety of Ireland to prevent these aggressors from occupying lands and I would argue it wouldn't be long before the British in Wales and Cornwall were aware of what was unfolding.
It is also not impossible some of the Vandals ships missed Ireland altogether and instead landed in Wales or Cornwall. Which in either event would put the British on alert something untoward may have been underway.
Any that missed landfall completely would have perished at sea but its not inconceivable that some sailed into the Severn estuary or entered the Irish sea and landed on Ireland's east coast, the western Welsh and English coasts or made it all the way to the southern Scottish coasts.
I don't buy the argument that they all landed on the southern Irish coast.
In the Falklands war the United Kingdom commandeered two ocean liners as troop carriers. QEII carried 3000 troops.
QE2 - History
Canberra carried another 3000.
Together these two huge steel hulled motor ships could only manage 6000 troops.
The claim for the vandals is one of 160000 people being carried in wooden ships of the day. The numbers of ships is proving hard to estimate as there is just little evidence of what form or scale these ships were. Oars are next to useless on a sailing ship as they create immense drag when they are in the water and turbulence in the air when out o it. The oars of racing boats are very very close to the waterline for these reasons.
A broken oar in a bank of oars would create mayhem as would a fatigued oarsman. If oarsmen do not pull together on both sides of the ship steering is rendered moot. So all things considered no ship equipped with oars would be taken out of the med, in my estimation.
This leaves sail.
The ships of the days sail type is not known so any mention of sail type in regards vandal ships used for migrations is speculative, as is this entire post to be fair, but triangular and square sails are the two most likely to have been so employed.
Given the sheer number of ships that would have been needed to carry 160000 people its fair to say there would have been a mixture.
Then there is the seaworthiness to consider. Many ship designs are what is termed wet in that they dip their bows into the waves and so take onboard water from the sea then get rid of it again by having open sides.
Others are dry ships so they rise and fall on the waves. As these ships of the Vandals are on a one way journey I would argue they are likely to be loaded at least to capacity and with most loaded beyond which in any sea state would render most of them wet ships.
The could have been closed deck ships or open decked ships or a combination of the two just no way to know though my money is again on a mixture with open decked ships dominating the fleet.
Many designs are good sea boats in the conditions and seas they are built for and bad sea boats when they encounter sea states they are not designed for. If as I suggest most of the ships were designed and built for Mediterranean seas then Atlantic seas will make them bad sea boats. This has to have a detrimental impact on every aspect of this fleet. People, stores, ships, crews would almost all be in unfamiliar positions, weather, sea states not knowing where they are going nor what they are going to encounter when they get there nor how long its going to take.
Pirates are likely to have been a concern. If as would seem sensible the ships carrying fighting men sailed at the head of the fleet then the chances of pirates picking off the other ships unmolested are quite high. Certainly the only people onboard who could have recognised a pirate ship or defended their own with any vigour would have been the crew, however if the crews were mainly natives and not Vandals there is the possibility they were only too happy to see the pirates as at least they themselves were not on a one way journey to lands unknown.
I say one way because for the Vandals their former lands in Europe were seemingly beyond them as were their new one in North Africa and the Roman Empire was pressuring them on all fronts.
This would suggest the route to the lands of their origin, presumably where Vandals in some number had remained. I also wonder how such a group of people were able to dominate so much land with such disparate cultures living within and being part of the Roman Empire as we are told it was, so successfully.
Did they simply abandon their homeland and wander Europe and the med pillaging and looting all along the way?
What did they use their loot for?
Its all extremely subjective if not doubtful.
Was the term Vandal just a mishearing of some other word in another language and not the name of a race of people as is claimed?
Were they forced from their homeland by someone else or natural circumstances?
Strikes me they would have to find out along the way what was edible if nothing else. Especially once they landed in Africa.
Where did they come from?
A figment of imagination or a tribe having a wander shoved into a faked up narrative?
So many questions.
In any case it is claimed they were either forced out of Ireland or left of their own accord and sailing, again how?, the Irish sea they pitched up around the Mersey area and moved into what is the middle of England. On the way forcing the British into the Welsh side of the Severn and putting pressure on all the other peoples said to be present on the island of Britain at the time.
It is also claimed that a comet had laid waste to vast areas of Britain and the Vandals pitch up and occupy a large swathe of the recovering waste land which kind of makes sense in one way in that all the people already on the island would hardly be in any state to oppose them, for the most part, but on the other who would move into devastated land when they have been more than used to fighting and pillaging their way onto good land?
Yet more questions than answers.
Throughout it all I get the distinct feeling its the calendar which has been dreamt up and actual fact is mixed with deliberate, lies, misinterpretations, agendas and a huge dose of religious doctrine which creates a melange that is difficult to separate. Logistics is one way.
I appreciate some argue its political takeovers not necessarily pillaging and looting on as physical level but seizing of control of land and assets but evidence for this is thin on the ground.
Britain and to a lesser extent Ireland was the resource centre par excellence in terms of metallurgy and associated technologies and goods. It had vast timber resources and animal stocks both wild and managed with fish from sea and inland waters/rivers forming a not insignificant part. Also it was an island and by far the majority of its coastline is inhospitable to invaders forcing them to arrive at choke points.
There was an awful lot of assets concentrated in a relatively small and relatively isolated place so its attraction to invaders was obvious. Control Britain and you control a lot more beyond its shores it seems.
That said fast forwarding to today Russia and China the two bogeymen said to have designs on this island have no need of the assets that remain as both are richer in them within their existing borders so its just fear mongering to keep an agenda going.
I do find myself wondering if fear mongering was the root of the migrations story of the Vandals.
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Edit to give some perspective to the vandal claim.
From here
World War II: D-Day, The Invasion of Normandy | Eisenhower Presidential Library
The invasion force included 7,000 ships and landing craft manned by over 195,000 naval personnel from eight allied countries. Almost 133,000 troops from the United States, the British Commonwealth, and their allies, landed on D-Day.
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All the keeping it real and skepticism of the OP is certainly stifling to the spirit of invention, its these fantastical claims of our past, either true or not, that fuels the imaginations of many looking for answers and leading them to experimentation, lets not kill that for them....
A fairy story is a fairy story without evidence that on balance renders the story more likely true than not.
Such evidence as there is renders the things I have written about in this thread as on balance not true.
Go through my back catalogue on here to see my entire time on this forum, least the threads I made. Then tell me I am killing ideas in those searching for answers.
Anyway I'm done now.
In the bullshit department no-one can hold a candle to a clergyman...except maybe a historian.