The Netherlands (Dutch Republic) in the Little Ice Age

[dreamtime]

Interesting:

In one empire after another, the sick and starving blamed governments for their misery. As a result, the coldest stretch of the Little Ice Age brought an unprecedented surge of revolts and civil wars. Rebel and state armies alike conscripted farm laborers who joined refugees in spreading disease. In the end, millions died.
Yet remarkably, inhabitants of the Dutch Republic — the precursor state to today’s Netherlands — enjoyed a golden age that perfectly coincided with the chilliest century of the Little Ice Age. Somehow, a country with a small population emerged as a great power, with a navy that went from victory to victory and a commercial fleet that dwarfed all others.

The Dutch Republic was an oddball in the 17th-century world.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/nati...5fb2d8-0c25-11e8-8b0d-891602206fb7_story.html

Iceberg on the pier of Delfshaven, 1565
​

On 2 January 1565, the little Dutch town of Delfshaven, close to Rotterdam, became the scene of a surprising spectacle. An iceberg crashed into the coast and was soon swarmed by curious locals exploring the towering mass, marvelling at its bulk and measuring its size. The painter Cornelis Jacobsz van Culemborch documented the strange event. On his panel, a little group of onlookers can be seen dancing on the ice in front of the glacial visitor. The cold of the scene is almost palpable.

The iceberg off Rotterdam was a harbinger of change. Winters were becoming longer and more bitter across the globe, summers frequently more brief and less sunny. For the inhabitants of temperate zones such as Europe this creeping but unstoppable transformation heralded not only freezing temperatures, but also hunger and hardship, epidemics and social unrest. The Little Ice Age had begun.

The Little Ice Age: its effects when far beyond climate change | BBC Science Focus Magazine

The abrupt rise of a country unendowed by nature to such heights of wealth and power was, indeed, frequently regarded as a ‘miracle.’ As early as 1600, a French Protestant, the Duc de Rohan, declared that nothing in his travels through Western Europe had impressed him more than the marvels of the small province of Holland. Some years later his compatriot, the economist Antoine de Montchrétien, asserted that there was no other example in world history of a country that within such a short span of time had risen from humble beginnings to a position of influence in almost all quarters of the world. Even Rome, he held, had needed many more years to conquer her empire.

In no other part of Europe, not even in Northern Italy, so it was noticed, did so large a part of the population live in cities, or was town life so bustling with activity and so efficiently organized. Most foreigners were struck by the absence of the hordes of beggars which infested other European towns of the period, and praised the numerous institutions taking care of the poor, the aged, and the diseased. ‘The alms-houses of the city of Amsterdam’, noted the English consul William Carr in 1688, ‘look more like Princes’ Palaces than lodgings for poor people.’

Diana Muir Appelbaum » Blog Archive » Miracle of the Dutch Republic

At the same time, we see Germany in ruins after the 30-years war:

"Hollandgänger" (Dutch walkers) were migrant workers who, after the Thirty Years' War, from about 1650 to 1914 - driven by social need - moved seasonally from economically weak areas of Germany to the Netherlands (colloquially: Holland) to work and earn an urgently needed income for themselves and their families. Migrant workers who moved to West or East Frisia were also known as "Frieslandgänger".

Hollandgänger – Wikipedia

The Dutch are pretty innovative. They also managed to supply the world with cocaine in world war 1, essentially becoming one the richest nations in the world in the process after Germany got hit by an export ban due to the politics of WW1.

Possible explanation:

Aglionby makes in his overall positive description another observation and attributes the reputation and success of the Dutch Republic in the 17th century to its networks of commerce and migration, both within Europe and world-wide. The Dutch, who had long been decried as "Block-Heads" and "eaters of Cheese and Milk" and who had been thought stupid, were now regarded as being as sensitive and intelligent as other Europeans.

Recent studies have confirmed this judgment. In comparison to northern Europe the Dutch Republic had the highest rate of immigration in the 17th century – primarily Calvinists from the Spanish dominated southern Netherlands and Sephardic Jews who, beginning in the late 16th century, had begun to settle in Amsterdam and in the province of Holland. Along with seasonal workers from the neighbouring German territories, the Calvinists from the southern Netherlands and the Jews constituted the largest group of foreigners working in the Netherlands. Within the Republic the province of Holland experienced the highest rate of immigration and the greatest economic and cultural growth. Due to its maritime location and the privileges and extensive religious freedom that it awarded to immigrants, Amsterdam registered the greatest growth in population.

The migratory movements, which were not confined to the northern Netherlands, were closely linked to political, economic and social changes in Europe. By the end of the 16th century these developments had transformed northern Europe with its world-wide commercial relations, into one of the most important economic regions. In this way northern Europe attained the economic supremacy that had formerly belonged to south-western Europe. Recent research has interpreted the rise of the Dutch Republic in the context of this pan-European process and thus qualified the older perspective in which the Netherlands appeared to be a special case, and a miracle.

The "Dutch Century" — EGO

 

[Gladius]

A while ago, I was reading this book from 1764, A New System of Geography.
it's fully available on google.

What really caught my eye there about the Netherlands, was actually a segment in the Russian chapter.
This book is quite technical, and gives insights about the precise economy of the time: how much is everything worth, who trades what and etc.
The book speaks about St. Petersburg, particularly about the port and its importance as a trade hub. It says there, that in the port itself, only the dutch dollar (rijksdaalder) currency was being accepted for transactions there, while noting that the local russian ruble was considered a "commoners" currency to be used for buying trivial things, such as bread.

The author emphasized the strength of the dutch currency quite a lot, citing it's wide acceptance all over Europe and beyond and how it beats local currencies in their own territories.

Furthermore, he explained an interesting mechanism:
At the Russian port, if a merchant wanted to acquire merchandise by credit, and not to pay up front, he was obligated to own a bank account in Amsterdam and have sufficient funds there as a reserve. The credit was so desirable, that many merchants from all around Europe actually made the trip to Amsterdam, only to open an account and deposit their funds there, so they could use credit in St. Petersburg! (And other ports too).
The book also mentioned that port warehouses were in high demand, and that they mostly accepted rent in dutch dollar.

Crazy to think this is the 1700s we're talking about here. It's almost like a renaissance wall street. Could this mechanism even work without things like electricity?
The fact that credit already functioned at this time in ports, shows that the bankers of Holland could already provide guarantees to international merchants. Since it was Jews who were probably sitting in both the bank and the end port authorities, a system of financial trust existed, which greatly empowered those people.

Btw... I couldn't find this information I presented on any website, let alone Wikipedia. It's explained only in this book, on the Russia chapter. This is a very 'mainstream history' book that had made many contributions back in its day, so I wonder why the info doesn't get mentioned elsewhere.
Wiki talks about the rixdollar in a very sleepy manner, just another colonial currency with no importance.

 

[dreamtime]

It's also interesting that this Republic got destroyed in the course of the French Revolution. The Dutch Republic consisted of 7 "United Provinces", who resembled a decentral commonwealth of free states, or a confederation, with the focus on political and economical freedom.

Then there's the curious fact that Japan only allowed trade with the Dutch during their isolation:

Amsterdam's dominant position as a trade center was strengthened in 1640 with a monopoly for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) for trade with Japan through its trading post on Dejima, an island in the bay of Nagasaki. From here the Dutch traded between China and Japan and paid tribute to the shōgun. Until 1854, the Dutch were Japan's sole window to the western world.​

Does this mean that the Duch Republic was still connected to some kind of old-world governance principles which the Japanese respected?

Japan and the Dutch 1600-1853
​

At the beginning of the so-called sakoku (closed country) era which lasted from 1640 to 1853 only the Dutch remained from among the Occidentals who had contact with Japan prior to that time. (...)​

​

In short, since by chance commerce during the sakoku era was only permitted with Holland from among the various Western countries which had come into contact with Japan, any European information which reached Japan came via the Hollanders. (...)​

​

... The Dutch representatives told how Holland had freed itself from the yoke of Roman Catholic Spain and that Spain and Portugal both had political, religious and even territorial designs on Japan.​

​

I think what we are looking at is the conflict that in history is documented as the Reformation wars and the struggle between the Protestants and the Catholics, with the Jesuits and Papal Catholics generally being considerd as the evil guys, and the Protestants as the good and conservative forces.

It's no coincidence that this view has been reverted and Catholics are now seen as conservatve, even though the very term Protestant testifies to it's conservative meaning:

SH Archive - What was "Truth" during the golden age of historical forgery?

Christia Nographie Map of 1600s, Christia Nographie Map 1600

"In Europe are 4 sorts of Christians... Protestants, Papists, Muscovites, Greek. The two last agree with the Protestants and are not subject to the Pope"
​

This remarkable map about the worldwide conflict between Christians and the Papists (Papal Catholics) shows where Christians live, under wich rule they are, and to which subgroup they belong. There's a small powerful group in Central Europe, called "Papists". Not catholics - but papists. They mostly control Italy, France and Spain. These are the European nations which were considered authoritarian and war-like by historians.

And Spain is the country the Netherlands managed to free themselves from before founding the Dutch Republic based on principles of freedom.

On this map the Dutch Republic is considered Protestant, while Japan is simply marked as "Christian". Probably because the Japanese were still self-sufficient and not actively involved in the fight against the Papists. Which is why they preferred trade with the Dutch, who were not controlled by the Papists.

 

[dreamtime]

This French guy living in the Netherlands in the 17th Century had this to say about his time:

This is the terrible century about which Scripture speaks so clearly. It is the Iron Age, which breaks and subdues all things. The seven angels have emptied their vials over the earth, and they contained blasphemy, terror, massacres, injustice, treason. . . . We have seen and continue to see how realm rises against realm, nation against nation, plagues, famines, earthquakes, terrible floods, signs in the sun and the moon and the stars; the sufferings of nations through storms and thunderous waves.​

- Jean Nicolas de Parival, The History of this Iron Age*, chapter 1 (London, 1656)​

*Entire book title: "The history of this iron age vvherein is set dovvn the true state of Europe as it was in the year 1500: also, the original and causes of all the vvarres, and commotions that have happened : together with a description of the most memorable battels, sieges, actions and transactions, both in court and camp from that time till this present year 1656 : illustrated vvith the lively effigies of the most renowned persons of this present time"

 

[Blackdiamond]

View attachment 22594​

Christia Nographie Map of 1600s, Christia Nographie Map 1600
​

That map has asia and tartaria next to each other. But what is that african western running river called?

Is there any obvious link of the Hanseatic League and the VOC ?

 

[MaziarMohajer]

The relationship between the Safavids and the VOC is interesting: here

Inside the Ali Qapu, there are fading paintings that are clearly European (Dutch ?). here

​

 

[ThomasDeDenker]

Iam from the Netherlands and many people here say the times changed after the killing of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt ( 1547 - 1619) .
Our "unlawful" king still bows once a year at the place where Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was beheaded...
Maybe it has something to do with this subject ...

Wiki :

Johan van Oldenbarnevelt - Wikipedia

​

 

[luddite]

A while ago, I was reading this book from 1764, A New System of Geography.
it's fully available on google.

I found both volumes and uploaded to the library.

PDF - A New System of Geography Vol I and Vol II

 

[OBRYprojekt]

Everything about the people called "Dutch" today suggests that they were either those who mainly traded with YUN (India) or this area of Northern Europe (PRS "Persia" in OBRY) was basically overrun by them. They have the strongest connection to the "Orient". Even the Hanseatic League (Han- attested to, for one, by Bernier as the early name of "Sanscrit", meaning "writing of YUN or Jon>Ian (aspirate)>Han") and (Sea). It was an international sailing alliance (of/from/based in/committed to) trade with YUN>India, and would be the most likely place the common German surfs were brought from via the Amsterdam harbor. Why do I say the common "German" was in India? Many reasons, only one being the mix of languages that seem to lead back there (Proto Indo European), and the references to parts of East Asia as "Kalli/Kole Judeh/Judah" meaning "Judah's captivity". I believe, after living among the Dutch, not only are they ethnologically distinct from me (a predominantly "German" and "Irish" man), but that they are the people who made great fortunes trading my ancestors, as well as lots of drugs and cotton/textiles. This, of course, is only a portion of "Netherland" people, as it's clear there are multiple ethnicities in all European countries. Just as in Germany, there are (at least) the commoners..., and the Prussian, and the older lords such as the Hesses or Schwabs/Swabian. It's still much of a confusing mess. I can tell you this though: in America, the Dutch openly celebrate and are proud of their culture...; the Germans can be proud only during Oktoberfest (if they're wearing Lederhosen) and the Irish on St Patrick's Day.

In addition:

On 2 January 1565, the little Dutch town of Delfshaven, close to Rotterdam, became the scene of a surprising spectacle. An iceberg crashed into the coast and was soon swarmed by curious locals exploring the towering mass, marvelling at its bulk and measuring its size. The painter Cornelis Jacobsz van Culemborch documented the strange event. On his panel, a little group of onlookers can be seen dancing on the ice in front of the glacial visitor. The cold of the scene is almost palpable

According to the USGS: "Ninety percent of an iceberg is below the waterline." I wonder how an iceberg (such as portrayed in the illustration) could get to "the coast".

 

[nordicbleu]

Iam from the Netherlands and many people here say the times changed after the killing of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt ( 1547 - 1619) .
Our "unlawful" king still bows once a year at the place where Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was beheaded...
Maybe it has something to do with this subject ...

Wiki :

Johan van Oldenbarnevelt - Wikipedia

​

Why and how did they change? Fascinated about this subject since I am Dutch on my mother's side.
Ancestors came over to America and settled in New Amsterdam - NYC & later New Jersey.
I'm talking a few hundred years ago.
Curious if their departure from the Netherlands had anything to do with this turmoil.

 

[Voltar]

This is the true holy Rome : Raz-de-marée de la Saint-Félix en 1530 — Wikipédia

 

[dreamtime]

This is the true holy Rome

Why?

Definitely an interesting city:

Reimerswaal is a lost city in the Netherlands. The present-day municipality of Reimerswaal is named after this city, which was granted city rights in 1374. The city was destroyed by repeated floods, and the last citizens left in 1632. Nothing remains. It was located north of the current municipality, on the east end of the Oosterschelde, on land which is now called the Verdronken Land van Reimerswaal ("Drowned Land of Reimerswaal"). The site of the city has been recognized as a national archeological monument and is buried under the Oesterdam.​

Reimerswaal (city) - Wikipedia

 

[Voltar]

Why?

Definitely an interesting city:

Reimerswaal is a lost city in the Netherlands. The present-day municipality of Reimerswaal is named after this city, which was granted city rights in 1374. The city was destroyed by repeated floods, and the last citizens left in 1632. Nothing remains. It was located north of the current municipality, on the east end of the Oosterschelde, on land which is now called the Verdronken Land van Reimerswaal ("Drowned Land of Reimerswaal"). The site of the city has been recognized as a national archeological monument and is buried under the Oesterdam.​

Reimerswaal (city) - Wikipedia

All seem to turn around the Halley comet that has a period of 75-76 years that sometime come very close to earth. Rommerswael was flood twice at the Saint Felix and the all Saints flood. Those are maybe even greater global events. The [VI]Kings = the six Kings who elector of the Holy roman [not Germanic] Emperor.... Romans conquered Europe from North to South.

 

[freemaster]

Interesting:


https://www.washingtonpost.com/nati...5fb2d8-0c25-11e8-8b0d-891602206fb7_story.html

View attachment 22563
Iceberg on the pier of Delfshaven, 1565
​

The Little Ice Age: its effects when far beyond climate change | BBC Science Focus Magazine




Diana Muir Appelbaum » Blog Archive » Miracle of the Dutch Republic

At the same time, we see Germany in ruins after the 30-years war:


Hollandgänger – Wikipedia

The Dutch are pretty innovative. They also managed to supply the world with cocaine in world war 1, essentially becoming one the richest nations in the world in the process after Germany got hit by an export ban due to the politics of WW1.

Possible explanation:




The "Dutch Century" — EGO

I was reading Mutiny on the Bounty (seafaring reports from late 1700’s) and I thought of this post. This accounts reference again and again the incredible infrastructure of the Dutch was incredibly well established.

 

[Voltar]

it's rather clear to me that after Adland sunk, the survivors founded the Frisians, the Sumerians, the Inkas, The Celts (Kalta Catalan) and also in North America and those in Punjab. Corn come form Punjab not America. And those of Wodin from around Tyr. They were the old greeks and also the new Romans from Troy (Wodin/Heracles). They were the one who new the iron techno, navigation all other sciences. They were also Matriarcal. The Maggdalenas = the virgin mothers of all they strongholds. The Salem's witches connection is rather clear now... that rather a sad story. But before Adland ? that the rest of our puzzle !

 

[Offerus]

Interesting:


https://www.washingtonpost.com/nati...5fb2d8-0c25-11e8-8b0d-891602206fb7_story.html

View attachment 22563
Iceberg on the pier of Delfshaven, 1565
​

The Little Ice Age: its effects when far beyond climate change | BBC Science Focus Magazine




Diana Muir Appelbaum » Blog Archive » Miracle of the Dutch Republic

At the same time, we see Germany in ruins after the 30-years war:


Hollandgänger – Wikipedia

The Dutch are pretty innovative. They also managed to supply the world with cocaine in world war 1, essentially becoming one the richest nations in the world in the process after Germany got hit by an export ban due to the politics of WW1.

Possible explanation:




The "Dutch Century" — EGO

The Dutch also have a claim in being the founder of the game of Golf. They played a game called "Kolven" with club and ball on the ice. It is interesting that the painting above, "Iceberg on the pier of Delfshaven" shows the game being played in 1565. Most golf historians always point to the works of Dutch painter Aert van der Neer (1603-1677) as the earliest records of the game. This painting seems to prove otherwise.

 

[Math & Physics]

Iam from the Netherlands and many people here say the times changed after the killing of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt ( 1547 - 1619) .
Our "unlawful" king still bows once a year at the place where Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was beheaded...
Maybe it has something to do with this subject ...
Wiki :
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt - Wikipedia

While I don't take everything said here as absolute
View: https://youtu.be/n_8rx0na7Nk?t=437

There are some patterns to be taken into account. Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was born 50yrs after wood sawing windmills.

A while ago, I was reading this book from 1764, A New System of Geography.
it's fully available on google.

What really caught my eye there about the Netherlands, was actually a segment in the Russian chapter.
Crazy to think this is the 1700s we're talking about here. It's almost like a renaissance wall street. Could this mechanism even work without things like electricity?
The fact that credit already functioned at this time in ports, shows that the bankers of Holland could already provide guarantees to international merchants. Since it was Jews who were probably sitting in both the bank and the end port authorities, a system of financial trust existed, which greatly empowered those people.

Dutch money had more value

It's also interesting that this Republic got destroyed in the course of the French Revolution. The Dutch Republic consisted of 7 "United Provinces", who resembled a decentral commonwealth of free states, or a confederation, with the focus on political and economical freedom.

Then there's the curious fact that Japan only allowed trade with the Dutch during their isolation:

Amsterdam's dominant position as a trade center was strengthened in 1640 with a monopoly for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) for trade with Japan through its trading post on Dejima, an island in the bay of Nagasaki. From here the Dutch traded between China and Japan and paid tribute to the shōgun. Until 1854, the Dutch were Japan's sole window to the western world.​

On this map the Dutch Republic is considered Protestant, while Japan is simply marked as "Christian". Probably because the Japanese were still self-sufficient and not actively involved in the fight against the Papists. Which is why they preferred trade with the Dutch, who were not controlled by the Papists.

Roman Catholics were despised around the world.

Would like to find more on why Don Quixote was considered painted as 'crazy'. Spanish tale about windmills, must have a Habsburg connection to Portugal.