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An interesting article about the siege of Leningrad: О математике и исторической реальности – Новости РуАН
Analyzing a little more carefully the quite open and even well-known information, it is easy to find such amazing things that it just makes your head spin. This article tells of some miracles in the besieged Leningrad...
As you walk around St. Petersburg, you notice that every house and every monument reminds you of the great historical past of this city. The great and heroic past is not disputed by anyone, but the conditions in which ordinary people had to make inhuman efforts, starve and die, on closer examination, turn out to have been artificially created.
From the history of the siege of Leningrad we know that during the war the city was subjected to intense bombing and artillery fire. On the walls of houses in St. Petersburg you can still see old signs saying that this side is safe from shelling, and on the facades of houses you can see the marks of shells that hit them.
Under these conditions, the inhabitants of Leningrad performed feats every day, worked hard and slowly starved to death. To raise the morale, at one time the political department of Leningrad had the idea to glorify the immortal feats of the inhabitants of the city, and in one of its newspapers appeared a note about the heroic work of Leningrad residents under constant bombardment. It gave information that 148478 shells fell on the territory of Leningrad. This figure became the standard and for all years of blockade, was fixed in the minds of historians, and they could not get rid of it.
Leningrad residents lived in constant nervous tension, shelling followed one after another. From September 4 to November 30 of 1941, the city was shelled 272 times for a total of 430 hours. Sometimes people were left in bomb shelters for almost a day. On September 15, 1941 the bombardment lasted 18 hours and 32 minutes, on September 17 - 18 hours and 33 minutes. All in all, during the blockade about 150 thousand shells were fired on Leningrad. The firepower of German artillery, which tried to break the resistance of defenders of the besieged city, was very significant. The German artillery grouping in the Uritsk area, where the front line was closest to Leningrad, consisted of four artillery regiments, armed with 105 mm and 150 mm guns. Later heavy guns (203 mm and 210 mm) with 30-32 km range were thrown here.
Pay attention: on September 15 the bombardment lasted 18 hours and not one gun, but the whole artillery of the front was shooting. On St. Isaac's Cathedral they even put up a commemorative plaque on this occasion (in honor of immortalization of the fact of shells hitting the column of St. Isaac's Cathedral). But an elementary check of this figure shows that it was taken from the ceiling and in no way reflects real events (at the time of the end of the siege of Leningrad).
The plaque: "THOSE ARE THE TRACES OF ONE OF THE 148478 SHELLS FIRED BY FASCISTS ON LENINGRAD IN THE YEARS 1941-1944"
This can be proven easily! Let's take a long-range big caliber gun (155, 203 or 210 mm). This gun makes one shot in two (2) minutes. In an hour this gun makes 30 shots. In a working day - 240 shots (8-hour working day, we remember that the German soldiers fought according to the schedule, they are not robots, they have to eat and rest), in 18 hours of continuous shooting the gun makes 540 shots, in 430 hours - 12 900 shots. Accordingly, an artillery battery in the same time makes 77,400 shots, and an artillery division makes 232,200 shots. In 900 days of siege 1 such gun makes "only" 216,000 shots.
The standard artillery battery of our and German armies consisted of 6 guns, an artillery division - 18 guns, and such divisions at the front in the German army were sufficiently numerous, all cities after the war were a ruin.
Thus, from checking the information given in writing by historians, we can conclude that the fallen shells were much more numerous, as confirmed by the destruction of Leningrad. The constant repetition of this fact by historians shows their inability or unwillingness to move away from the established myth.
The second fact, which is very alarming in the description of the Siege of Leningrad, is the complete non-compliance with the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy.
The third fact is the constant giveaway game on the part of the German troops.
Let's start with the giveaway. Von Leib, commander of Army North, was a competent and experienced commander. He had up to 40 divisions (including tank divisions) under his command. The front in front of Leningrad was 70 km long. The density of troops was up to 2-5 km per division in the direction of the main assault. Only historians, who know nothing about military affairs, could talk about the fact that under such conditions he could not take the city.
We have repeatedly seen in feature films about the defense of Leningrad, how German tankers drive into the suburbs, crush and shoot the streetcar. The front was broken through, and there was no one in front of them. In their memoirs, Von Leib and many other German Army commanders claimed that they were forbidden to take the city, given orders to withdraw from advantageous positions.
The next interesting point
It is known that the Kirov plant worked all through the blockade. The second fact is also known - it was 3 (three!!!) kilometers from the front line. For the people who did not serve in the army, I would say that a bullet of Mosin rifle can fly to such a distance if you shoot in the right direction (I say nothing about artillery guns of larger caliber).
The inhabitants were evacuated from the area of Kirov factory, but the factory continued to operate under the noses of the German command, and it was not destroyed (although one lieutenant-artiller with a battery of not the largest caliber, with enough ammunition and if the task was properly set, could have completed this task).
On historical myths and reality
Kirov plant produced different products: KV-1 tanks, SAU-152 self-propelled vehicles, by 1943 they mastered the production of IS-1 and IS-2 tanks (SAU-152 tanks are being assembled in the background). From the photos posted on the Internet we can imagine the scale of tank production (it is a large and serial production). In addition to the Kirov Plant, the other Leningrad plants were also working, producing shells and other military products.
KV-1, SAU-152, IS-2, the scale of production
Since the spring of 1942, streetcar traffic was resumed in Leningrad...
This is just a small part of reality, very different from the historical myths written by professional historians.
Now a little about physics.
One of the questions that no "historian" can answer is: where did they get the electrical energy in the right quantity?
For the basic law of physics states that energy does not come from nowhere and does not disappear, and translated into everyday language, it sounds like this: as much energy was produced, as much energy was spent (and no more). There are standards in man-hours and units of energy consumed per unit of production, let it be a shell or a tank, and these standards are not insignificant.
A little bit of economics
On the basis of the norms of that time, a certain amount of resources and materials was distributed between the factories without any excess in accordance with the plans and objectives. On the basis of this distribution were created minimum stocks of raw materials, tools and finished products in the factories, providing uninterrupted operation of the plants (usually for two weeks, less often for a month) with a constant supply of necessary resources (in accordance to extraction or production) and shipment of finished products.
Under the conditions of blockade of a single city there are no such strategic reserves of fuel, raw materials, material means and energy, capable to meet the needs of the city (or at least industry) for more than three months. Austerity in energy and food can stretch the stockpiles, but to save energy it is required to stop production - the main consumer of energy, and this did not happen. Plants in Leningrad did not stop for a day.
One can agree with the assumption that some of the coal for energy production was taken from the fleet, but the main base of the fleet was Tallinn, and it was captured. Thermal power plants consume many times more coal than any ship. Let's see what "historians" and "chroniclers" write about this:
With particular fierceness the German pilots targeted the plants and factories of Leningrad, such as Kirov, Izhora, "Elektrosila", and "Bolshevik". In addition, there was a shortage of raw materials, tools, and supplies. It was unbearably cold in the workshops, and touching metal made one's hands twinge. Many production workers carried out their work by sitting down, as it was impossible to stand for 10-12 hours. Due to the stoppage of almost all power plants, some machines had to be set in motion manually, which increased the working day. Often some of the workers stayed overnight in the shop, saving time for urgent front orders. As a result of such selfless labor activity in the second half of 1941 the acting army received from Leningrad 3 million shells and mines, more than 3 thousand regimental and anti-tank guns, 713 tanks, 480 armored cars, 58 armored trains and armored cars.
2. The workers of Leningrad also helped the other sections of the Soviet-German front. In autumn 1941, during fierce battles for Moscow, the city on the Neva sent the Western Front troops more than a thousand pieces of artillery and mortars, as well as a significant number of other weapons.
In difficult circumstances in the fall of 1941, the main task of the workers of the besieged city was to supply the front with weapons, ammunition, equipment and uniforms. Despite the evacuation of a number of enterprises, the capacity of the Leningrad industry remained significant. In September 1941, the city's enterprises produced over a thousand 76 mm guns, over two thousand mortars, hundreds of anti-tank guns and machineguns.
The fact remains: the number of manufactured products has been counted and announced, you can't argue with the fact. Now let's think a little bit about what historians actually wrote.
The first issue - about the way of delivery from the besieged city to an operating army (for the most part near Moscow) of 713 tanks, 3000 weapons, million shells and the main thing - 58 armored trains - all this is possible to take out only by rails, and no less than 100 echelons are required. For tanks and armored trains are not carried on boats (such boats (ferries) did not exist yet).
The second issue is that mass production is voiced (and this is under siege). Only illiterate people can tell tales about how something can be produced without raw materials, and, even more so, tools! An example of adaptation to production under conditions of material shortage is this self-propelled howitzer, and it is a piece product for Leningrad defense needs in addition to the 713 tanks produced, since it is mounted on a tank hull with engine, tracks and armor.
Self-propelled howitzer
All this points to a constant supply of necessary materials and raw materials. After all, in the blockaded city of Leningrad there were no coal mines, iron ore and other deposits to supply the industry with coal, steel, coke, fluxes and other materials!
"Historians" claim that machines were turned by hand - this is just a conjecture of people who are technically illiterate: try to turn by hand and grind a metal workpiece on a machine tool with a 3-10 kW drive (and these are the drives of industrial drilling and turning machines). You will immediately realize that this is the most common fiction, the hands are not only unable to provide the necessary speed of rotation, they can't even turn such a machine tool!
"Historians" also argue that the main reason for the increase in working hours was not the heroic urge to give everything for the common victory, but the lack of electricity. From the works of the "historians":
In the autumn and winter of 1941/42 the Soviet artillery fought in extremely difficult conditions: there was a lack of ammunition, means of artillery reconnaissance, corrective aviation, the range of the Soviet guns at first was inferior to the German, so up to the spring of 1942 the resistance against the enemy artillery had a defensive character, although retaliatory strikes of Soviet artillery weakened the combat power of the enemy.
Still it is interesting - they did not have enough shells themselves or they forwarded 3 million shells to the army! Why? Did they have no problems in the blockade? And how did they increase the range of the guns? They probably rolled the guns closer! This is another example not only of illiterate presentation and misunderstanding of the information, but a complete falsification!
The range of the gun itself does not increase or decrease, and was originally set by the design parameters! The historians should have indicated that new guns with increased range were designed, manufactured, tested and accepted for service. It seems that historians wrote so hoping that no one would read it or analyze it...
Let us comment a little on the article: From September 1941 the production of electricity was reduced due to the regime of extreme austerity. By January 1942, the city had run out of coal, the thermal power plants had practically stopped, and only 3,000 kW was produced. At the same time Volkhov hydroelectric station generated 2000 kW (2 MW), and this was enough only for the railway junction and military units (that is, pay attention to the figure - 2 megawatts is very little in the scale of the city).
During the Great Patriotic War, when most of the power plants of the besieged Leningrad could not operate due to lack of fuel. In the winter of 1941-1942 the boiler No.3 at the Krasny Oktyabr power plant was converted for burning milled peat, which was available at the peat enterprises of Vsevolozhsk area. The start-up of this unit made it possible to increase the load of the power plant to 21-22 thousand kW of the 23-24 thousand kW generated by the system. (Wikipedia)
That is, the final figure is announced: the entire system (more precisely, one thermal power plant on peat plus the Volzhsk HPP) was producing 24 thousand kilowatts until the end of the war. The figure only seems large, but, for example, let me cite that this energy is not enough for one city (like, for example, Grodno with 338 thousand people) to boil electric kettles at the same time.
In Leningrad from the spring of 1942 there were 6 streetcar routes. To provide this power consumption 3.6 thousand kW of electricity (3.6 MW) was required. So that each route has 20 streetcars with a total of 120 (in total), with an assumed motor power of 30 (!) kW (for example, modern streetcars have a power of up to 200 kW).
Secondary account of foodstuffs conducted on 10th and 11th of September showed that Leningrad had supply of grain, flour and crackers for 35 days, cereals and pasta for 30 days, meat and meat products for 33 days, fats for 45 days, sugar and confectionery for 60 days (by November everything was to be finished, and that with the account of half of consumption).
To alleviate the food situation in Leningrad, the transport planes were assigned to airlift the cargoes. Food deliveries, along with a special air group created in late June 1941 to serve the Northern Front, were handled by the Moscow Special Purpose Aviation Group, formed from 30 Moscow crews of civil aviation. From September to December 1941 the heroic efforts of the Soviet pilots delivered more than 6 thousand tons of cargo to the besieged city, including 4325 tons of high-calorie food and 1660 tons of ammunition and weapons (in 3 months they brought food for two days. It is not clear, why ammunition was brought, if in Leningrad it was produced and transported to the mainland).
Totally till the end of navigation in 1941 60 thousands tons of various cargoes were delivered to the besieged city by water, including 45 thousands tons of foodstuffs (wikipedia) (for 20 more days of foodstuffs).
All in all the ice road worked till April 24 (152 days) during the first blockade winter. During this time 361,109 tons of various goods were transported, including 262,419 tons of food (Wikipedia) (i.e., less than 2,000 tons of food per day were transported - less than the daily demand of the city).
The need for food was solved after the death of almost one million people from starvation and the evacuation of another 1,300,000 refugees during the entire time of the road of life.
But the plants kept working and working (this is a fact). Where the additional energy came from, it is not known (probably supplied by the Germans). Where the resources came from, and how the finished products were shipped, is also unclear.
At the same time, the German command only had to destroy only 5 power plants (at the beginning of the war and one after January 1942), which were well visible to correctors of artillery fire by the smoke from the pipes, to completely paralyze the entire activity of the city. Is this another accidental inattention?
It is absolutely unclear why 713 KV tanks did not solve the issue of lifting the siege of Leningrad, because at the beginning of the war we had only 636 KV tanks, and these tanks were not penetrated by German guns. The simultaneous and massive use of these tanks would have been able to penetrate any defense with the support of 3,000 guns (and at the beginning of the war we had only 1,928 guns) even in the absence of ammunition austerity. This number of tanks and artillery should have been enough to push the Germans back even to the border.
This example shows the absence of any logic in our enemy, our command and a complete violation of the law of conservation of matter and energy in the historical reality.
We still have to deal with the history of the Great Patriotic War. There are many incomprehensible moments.
It is not clear with what kind of weaponry the German troops destroyed about 20,000 (twenty thousand) of our tanks by the winter of 1941, while they themselves had only 4,171 tanks and spgs.
It is incomprehensible how we lost another large part of the 104840 tanks and spgs produced during the war, with most of the tanks being repaired and returned to combat more than once. Such losses are recorded only once in real history - during the six-day Arab-Israeli war, when Israeli troops destroyed nearly two thousand tanks (but then there were ATGMs and another level of jet aviation).
If the factories had stood idle in Leningrad for lack of raw materials and supplies, everything would have been understandable - after all, it was the blockade and the main thing was to bring food, and we would think about production later. But at a time when people were starving to death, on the move and freezing with their families, it is unclear where raw materials, tools and assemblies for the plants (tank guns were manufactured at the Motovilikhinsky plant in Perm', and until February 1942 it was the only plant that produced tank and naval guns) and electricity for production, and manufactured products were transported to the mainland - it is impossible to explain this by any fairy tales and myths.
The inhabitants of Leningrad, like the inhabitants of the entire country, performed an inconceivable feat. Many of them gave their lives in the battles for the Motherland, many died of starvation in Leningrad, bringing the hour of victory closer. Pavel Korchagin's feat pales in comparison to the efforts made every day by the heroic defenders and heroic residents of the besieged city.
At the same time, elementary calculations show that much information is simply hidden from us, making it impossible to explain the rest. There is an impression of global betrayal, that the whole blockade was deliberately organized in order to kill as many people as possible.
The time will come, and the true culprits will be uncovered and convicted, even in absentia.
Translation below:
Alexey Kungurov
About Mathematics and Historical Reality
Alexey Kungurov
About Mathematics and Historical Reality
Analyzing a little more carefully the quite open and even well-known information, it is easy to find such amazing things that it just makes your head spin. This article tells of some miracles in the besieged Leningrad...
As you walk around St. Petersburg, you notice that every house and every monument reminds you of the great historical past of this city. The great and heroic past is not disputed by anyone, but the conditions in which ordinary people had to make inhuman efforts, starve and die, on closer examination, turn out to have been artificially created.
From the history of the siege of Leningrad we know that during the war the city was subjected to intense bombing and artillery fire. On the walls of houses in St. Petersburg you can still see old signs saying that this side is safe from shelling, and on the facades of houses you can see the marks of shells that hit them.
Under these conditions, the inhabitants of Leningrad performed feats every day, worked hard and slowly starved to death. To raise the morale, at one time the political department of Leningrad had the idea to glorify the immortal feats of the inhabitants of the city, and in one of its newspapers appeared a note about the heroic work of Leningrad residents under constant bombardment. It gave information that 148478 shells fell on the territory of Leningrad. This figure became the standard and for all years of blockade, was fixed in the minds of historians, and they could not get rid of it.
Here is how historians describe these events:
Leningrad residents lived in constant nervous tension, shelling followed one after another. From September 4 to November 30 of 1941, the city was shelled 272 times for a total of 430 hours. Sometimes people were left in bomb shelters for almost a day. On September 15, 1941 the bombardment lasted 18 hours and 32 minutes, on September 17 - 18 hours and 33 minutes. All in all, during the blockade about 150 thousand shells were fired on Leningrad. The firepower of German artillery, which tried to break the resistance of defenders of the besieged city, was very significant. The German artillery grouping in the Uritsk area, where the front line was closest to Leningrad, consisted of four artillery regiments, armed with 105 mm and 150 mm guns. Later heavy guns (203 mm and 210 mm) with 30-32 km range were thrown here.
Pay attention: on September 15 the bombardment lasted 18 hours and not one gun, but the whole artillery of the front was shooting. On St. Isaac's Cathedral they even put up a commemorative plaque on this occasion (in honor of immortalization of the fact of shells hitting the column of St. Isaac's Cathedral). But an elementary check of this figure shows that it was taken from the ceiling and in no way reflects real events (at the time of the end of the siege of Leningrad).
The plaque: "THOSE ARE THE TRACES OF ONE OF THE 148478 SHELLS FIRED BY FASCISTS ON LENINGRAD IN THE YEARS 1941-1944"
This can be proven easily! Let's take a long-range big caliber gun (155, 203 or 210 mm). This gun makes one shot in two (2) minutes. In an hour this gun makes 30 shots. In a working day - 240 shots (8-hour working day, we remember that the German soldiers fought according to the schedule, they are not robots, they have to eat and rest), in 18 hours of continuous shooting the gun makes 540 shots, in 430 hours - 12 900 shots. Accordingly, an artillery battery in the same time makes 77,400 shots, and an artillery division makes 232,200 shots. In 900 days of siege 1 such gun makes "only" 216,000 shots.
The standard artillery battery of our and German armies consisted of 6 guns, an artillery division - 18 guns, and such divisions at the front in the German army were sufficiently numerous, all cities after the war were a ruin.
Thus, from checking the information given in writing by historians, we can conclude that the fallen shells were much more numerous, as confirmed by the destruction of Leningrad. The constant repetition of this fact by historians shows their inability or unwillingness to move away from the established myth.
The second fact, which is very alarming in the description of the Siege of Leningrad, is the complete non-compliance with the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy.
The third fact is the constant giveaway game on the part of the German troops.
Let's start with the giveaway. Von Leib, commander of Army North, was a competent and experienced commander. He had up to 40 divisions (including tank divisions) under his command. The front in front of Leningrad was 70 km long. The density of troops was up to 2-5 km per division in the direction of the main assault. Only historians, who know nothing about military affairs, could talk about the fact that under such conditions he could not take the city.
We have repeatedly seen in feature films about the defense of Leningrad, how German tankers drive into the suburbs, crush and shoot the streetcar. The front was broken through, and there was no one in front of them. In their memoirs, Von Leib and many other German Army commanders claimed that they were forbidden to take the city, given orders to withdraw from advantageous positions.
The next interesting point
It is known that the Kirov plant worked all through the blockade. The second fact is also known - it was 3 (three!!!) kilometers from the front line. For the people who did not serve in the army, I would say that a bullet of Mosin rifle can fly to such a distance if you shoot in the right direction (I say nothing about artillery guns of larger caliber).
The inhabitants were evacuated from the area of Kirov factory, but the factory continued to operate under the noses of the German command, and it was not destroyed (although one lieutenant-artiller with a battery of not the largest caliber, with enough ammunition and if the task was properly set, could have completed this task).
On historical myths and reality
Kirov plant produced different products: KV-1 tanks, SAU-152 self-propelled vehicles, by 1943 they mastered the production of IS-1 and IS-2 tanks (SAU-152 tanks are being assembled in the background). From the photos posted on the Internet we can imagine the scale of tank production (it is a large and serial production). In addition to the Kirov Plant, the other Leningrad plants were also working, producing shells and other military products.
KV-1, SAU-152, IS-2, the scale of production
Since the spring of 1942, streetcar traffic was resumed in Leningrad...
This is just a small part of reality, very different from the historical myths written by professional historians.
Now a little about physics.
One of the questions that no "historian" can answer is: where did they get the electrical energy in the right quantity?
For the basic law of physics states that energy does not come from nowhere and does not disappear, and translated into everyday language, it sounds like this: as much energy was produced, as much energy was spent (and no more). There are standards in man-hours and units of energy consumed per unit of production, let it be a shell or a tank, and these standards are not insignificant.
A little bit of economics
On the basis of the norms of that time, a certain amount of resources and materials was distributed between the factories without any excess in accordance with the plans and objectives. On the basis of this distribution were created minimum stocks of raw materials, tools and finished products in the factories, providing uninterrupted operation of the plants (usually for two weeks, less often for a month) with a constant supply of necessary resources (in accordance to extraction or production) and shipment of finished products.
Under the conditions of blockade of a single city there are no such strategic reserves of fuel, raw materials, material means and energy, capable to meet the needs of the city (or at least industry) for more than three months. Austerity in energy and food can stretch the stockpiles, but to save energy it is required to stop production - the main consumer of energy, and this did not happen. Plants in Leningrad did not stop for a day.
One can agree with the assumption that some of the coal for energy production was taken from the fleet, but the main base of the fleet was Tallinn, and it was captured. Thermal power plants consume many times more coal than any ship. Let's see what "historians" and "chroniclers" write about this:
With particular fierceness the German pilots targeted the plants and factories of Leningrad, such as Kirov, Izhora, "Elektrosila", and "Bolshevik". In addition, there was a shortage of raw materials, tools, and supplies. It was unbearably cold in the workshops, and touching metal made one's hands twinge. Many production workers carried out their work by sitting down, as it was impossible to stand for 10-12 hours. Due to the stoppage of almost all power plants, some machines had to be set in motion manually, which increased the working day. Often some of the workers stayed overnight in the shop, saving time for urgent front orders. As a result of such selfless labor activity in the second half of 1941 the acting army received from Leningrad 3 million shells and mines, more than 3 thousand regimental and anti-tank guns, 713 tanks, 480 armored cars, 58 armored trains and armored cars.
2. The workers of Leningrad also helped the other sections of the Soviet-German front. In autumn 1941, during fierce battles for Moscow, the city on the Neva sent the Western Front troops more than a thousand pieces of artillery and mortars, as well as a significant number of other weapons.
In difficult circumstances in the fall of 1941, the main task of the workers of the besieged city was to supply the front with weapons, ammunition, equipment and uniforms. Despite the evacuation of a number of enterprises, the capacity of the Leningrad industry remained significant. In September 1941, the city's enterprises produced over a thousand 76 mm guns, over two thousand mortars, hundreds of anti-tank guns and machineguns.
The fact remains: the number of manufactured products has been counted and announced, you can't argue with the fact. Now let's think a little bit about what historians actually wrote.
The first issue - about the way of delivery from the besieged city to an operating army (for the most part near Moscow) of 713 tanks, 3000 weapons, million shells and the main thing - 58 armored trains - all this is possible to take out only by rails, and no less than 100 echelons are required. For tanks and armored trains are not carried on boats (such boats (ferries) did not exist yet).
The second issue is that mass production is voiced (and this is under siege). Only illiterate people can tell tales about how something can be produced without raw materials, and, even more so, tools! An example of adaptation to production under conditions of material shortage is this self-propelled howitzer, and it is a piece product for Leningrad defense needs in addition to the 713 tanks produced, since it is mounted on a tank hull with engine, tracks and armor.
All this points to a constant supply of necessary materials and raw materials. After all, in the blockaded city of Leningrad there were no coal mines, iron ore and other deposits to supply the industry with coal, steel, coke, fluxes and other materials!
"Historians" claim that machines were turned by hand - this is just a conjecture of people who are technically illiterate: try to turn by hand and grind a metal workpiece on a machine tool with a 3-10 kW drive (and these are the drives of industrial drilling and turning machines). You will immediately realize that this is the most common fiction, the hands are not only unable to provide the necessary speed of rotation, they can't even turn such a machine tool!
"Historians" also argue that the main reason for the increase in working hours was not the heroic urge to give everything for the common victory, but the lack of electricity. From the works of the "historians":
In the autumn and winter of 1941/42 the Soviet artillery fought in extremely difficult conditions: there was a lack of ammunition, means of artillery reconnaissance, corrective aviation, the range of the Soviet guns at first was inferior to the German, so up to the spring of 1942 the resistance against the enemy artillery had a defensive character, although retaliatory strikes of Soviet artillery weakened the combat power of the enemy.
Still it is interesting - they did not have enough shells themselves or they forwarded 3 million shells to the army! Why? Did they have no problems in the blockade? And how did they increase the range of the guns? They probably rolled the guns closer! This is another example not only of illiterate presentation and misunderstanding of the information, but a complete falsification!
The range of the gun itself does not increase or decrease, and was originally set by the design parameters! The historians should have indicated that new guns with increased range were designed, manufactured, tested and accepted for service. It seems that historians wrote so hoping that no one would read it or analyze it...
Now let's deal with the production of electricity
There were five thermal power plants on the territory of Leningrad, they were part of the power system of the Leningrad Oblast'. The energy specialists write about that time as follows:
Energy Blockade
After the siege closed around Leningrad on September 8, 1941 the city was cut off from all out-of-town power plants, which supplied it with energy. Many substations and power lines were destroyed. In Leningrad itself only five thermal power plants were operating. But even there, due to the lack of fuel, power generation was sharply reduced, which was enough only for hospitals, bakeries and government buildings related to the front. Transfer of power from the Volkhov hydroelectric station, the basic equipment of which in October 1941 was dismantled and transported to the Urals and Central Asia. At the station remained in operation two auxiliary hydroelectric units of 1000 kW, working for the railway junction Volkhovstroy and military units. Work of defense plants was paralyzed, streetcars and trolley buses stopped, water supply system stopped working. Many power engineers went to the front, and the rest continued to work in harsh conditions of hunger and cold, generating as much electricity as possible. The energy blockade of Leningrad began. The hardest day for the power industry of Leningrad was January 25th 1942. Only one station in the entire energy system worked, carrying a load of only 3,000 kW... Let us comment a little on the article: From September 1941 the production of electricity was reduced due to the regime of extreme austerity. By January 1942, the city had run out of coal, the thermal power plants had practically stopped, and only 3,000 kW was produced. At the same time Volkhov hydroelectric station generated 2000 kW (2 MW), and this was enough only for the railway junction and military units (that is, pay attention to the figure - 2 megawatts is very little in the scale of the city).
During the Great Patriotic War, when most of the power plants of the besieged Leningrad could not operate due to lack of fuel. In the winter of 1941-1942 the boiler No.3 at the Krasny Oktyabr power plant was converted for burning milled peat, which was available at the peat enterprises of Vsevolozhsk area. The start-up of this unit made it possible to increase the load of the power plant to 21-22 thousand kW of the 23-24 thousand kW generated by the system. (Wikipedia)
That is, the final figure is announced: the entire system (more precisely, one thermal power plant on peat plus the Volzhsk HPP) was producing 24 thousand kilowatts until the end of the war. The figure only seems large, but, for example, let me cite that this energy is not enough for one city (like, for example, Grodno with 338 thousand people) to boil electric kettles at the same time.
In Leningrad from the spring of 1942 there were 6 streetcar routes. To provide this power consumption 3.6 thousand kW of electricity (3.6 MW) was required. So that each route has 20 streetcars with a total of 120 (in total), with an assumed motor power of 30 (!) kW (for example, modern streetcars have a power of up to 200 kW).
Now a bit about materials and production
We can discuss a lot of history, but the fact remains - shells, mortars, cannons and tanks are made of iron or special types of steel. This is known to be a hard material, machined mostly by pressure (whether with a hammer or a chisel) and requires a lot of effort (mostly mechanical), especially in mass production. Welding tank armor requires a huge amount of electricity (it's not like welding a car body out of tin), industrial welding machines have a capacity of up to 40 kW.It remains to strike a balance on electric power
With the remaining power (20 MW) it is necessary to power the production plants, and that is:
- tens of thousands of machines of 3-10 kW each (millions of shells, bolts, bushings, keys, shafts, etc. are made), - 30-100 MW (this is if there are 10 thousand machines in all factories);
- dozens of machine tools for the production of gun barrels (large size lathes and screw-cutting machines),
- rolling mills (you can't have armor plates without it),
- a lot of industrial welding units (after all, they produced 713 tanks in half a year, 5 tanks a day), the tank was not welded for one day. If we assume that a tank is welded by one welding unit for three days, then 15 welding units with a total capacity of 600 kW are required.
It remains to sum up the balance of food
Foodstuffs demand of the city was (2 million 544 thousand city inhabitants - without forces, fleet and inhabitants of the oblast' inside the siege) 1.5 kg of food daily (500 grams of crackers and 1 kg of vegetables and cereals - general army ration) - 3800 tons of food daily (63 modern wagons) - I remind you, it is not taking into account the number of troops and navy and inhabitants of the oblast'.Secondary account of foodstuffs conducted on 10th and 11th of September showed that Leningrad had supply of grain, flour and crackers for 35 days, cereals and pasta for 30 days, meat and meat products for 33 days, fats for 45 days, sugar and confectionery for 60 days (by November everything was to be finished, and that with the account of half of consumption).
To alleviate the food situation in Leningrad, the transport planes were assigned to airlift the cargoes. Food deliveries, along with a special air group created in late June 1941 to serve the Northern Front, were handled by the Moscow Special Purpose Aviation Group, formed from 30 Moscow crews of civil aviation. From September to December 1941 the heroic efforts of the Soviet pilots delivered more than 6 thousand tons of cargo to the besieged city, including 4325 tons of high-calorie food and 1660 tons of ammunition and weapons (in 3 months they brought food for two days. It is not clear, why ammunition was brought, if in Leningrad it was produced and transported to the mainland).
Totally till the end of navigation in 1941 60 thousands tons of various cargoes were delivered to the besieged city by water, including 45 thousands tons of foodstuffs (wikipedia) (for 20 more days of foodstuffs).
All in all the ice road worked till April 24 (152 days) during the first blockade winter. During this time 361,109 tons of various goods were transported, including 262,419 tons of food (Wikipedia) (i.e., less than 2,000 tons of food per day were transported - less than the daily demand of the city).
The need for food was solved after the death of almost one million people from starvation and the evacuation of another 1,300,000 refugees during the entire time of the road of life.
Conclusions
By November not only the coal was about to run out (which happened) but also all the raw materials and food supplies. By means of austerity these supplies were stretched to January. Delivery by the road of life in cars with carrying capacity of 1.5 tons met only the food needs (and even that not completely). It is not disclosed by "historians" what were the 100 000 tons of other goods, brought in the first winter, but the needs of industry were not covered (thousands and thousands of tons). Industry had to come to a halt.But the plants kept working and working (this is a fact). Where the additional energy came from, it is not known (probably supplied by the Germans). Where the resources came from, and how the finished products were shipped, is also unclear.
At the same time, the German command only had to destroy only 5 power plants (at the beginning of the war and one after January 1942), which were well visible to correctors of artillery fire by the smoke from the pipes, to completely paralyze the entire activity of the city. Is this another accidental inattention?
It is absolutely unclear why 713 KV tanks did not solve the issue of lifting the siege of Leningrad, because at the beginning of the war we had only 636 KV tanks, and these tanks were not penetrated by German guns. The simultaneous and massive use of these tanks would have been able to penetrate any defense with the support of 3,000 guns (and at the beginning of the war we had only 1,928 guns) even in the absence of ammunition austerity. This number of tanks and artillery should have been enough to push the Germans back even to the border.
This example shows the absence of any logic in our enemy, our command and a complete violation of the law of conservation of matter and energy in the historical reality.
We still have to deal with the history of the Great Patriotic War. There are many incomprehensible moments.
It is not clear with what kind of weaponry the German troops destroyed about 20,000 (twenty thousand) of our tanks by the winter of 1941, while they themselves had only 4,171 tanks and spgs.
It is incomprehensible how we lost another large part of the 104840 tanks and spgs produced during the war, with most of the tanks being repaired and returned to combat more than once. Such losses are recorded only once in real history - during the six-day Arab-Israeli war, when Israeli troops destroyed nearly two thousand tanks (but then there were ATGMs and another level of jet aviation).
If the factories had stood idle in Leningrad for lack of raw materials and supplies, everything would have been understandable - after all, it was the blockade and the main thing was to bring food, and we would think about production later. But at a time when people were starving to death, on the move and freezing with their families, it is unclear where raw materials, tools and assemblies for the plants (tank guns were manufactured at the Motovilikhinsky plant in Perm', and until February 1942 it was the only plant that produced tank and naval guns) and electricity for production, and manufactured products were transported to the mainland - it is impossible to explain this by any fairy tales and myths.
The inhabitants of Leningrad, like the inhabitants of the entire country, performed an inconceivable feat. Many of them gave their lives in the battles for the Motherland, many died of starvation in Leningrad, bringing the hour of victory closer. Pavel Korchagin's feat pales in comparison to the efforts made every day by the heroic defenders and heroic residents of the besieged city.
At the same time, elementary calculations show that much information is simply hidden from us, making it impossible to explain the rest. There is an impression of global betrayal, that the whole blockade was deliberately organized in order to kill as many people as possible.
The time will come, and the true culprits will be uncovered and convicted, even in absentia.
