The Parthenon Mosque: An Alternative View

[Breizh]

I've recently come across Dr. Barry Fell and his publications. Are you familiar with his work?

Following the theme of Dr. Barry Fell's work on the America's extensive pre-Columbian contact with Old World civilizations, I came across Dr. Clyde Winters.

Dr. Clyde Winters is an Educator and Anthropologist. He is the director of the Uthman dan Fodio Institute; an Educational and Anthropological Research Institute in Chicago, Illinois.

Dr. Winters has deciphered the Olmec, Meroitic and Indus Valley writing. He has published over 100 articles in anthropology, linguistics, population genetics and education. Dr. Winters has also written 14 books on African and Dravidian history, anthropology and linguistics

In conclusion, the Olmec people were called Xi. They did not speak a Mixe-Zoque language they spoke a Mande language, which is the substratum language for many Mexican languages.

The Olmec came from Saharan Africa 3200 years ago. They came in boats which are depicted in the Izapa Stela no.5, in twelve migratory waves. These Proto-Olmecs belonged to seven clans which served as the base for the Olmec people.

Physical anthropologist use many terms to refer to the African type represented by Olmec skeletal remains including Armenoid, Dongolan, Loponoid and Equatorial. The evidence of African skeletons found at many Olmec sites, and their trading partners from the Old World found by Dr. Andrzej Wiercinski prove the cosmopolitan nature of Olmec society.

This skeletal evidence explains the discovery of many African tribes in Mexico and Central America when Columbus discovered the Americas (de Quatrefages, 1836).

The skeletal material from Tlatilco and Cerro de las Mesas and evidence that the Olmecs used an African writing to inscribe their monuments and artifacts, make it clear that Africans were a predominant part of the Olmec population. These Olmecs constructed complex pyramids and large sculptured monuments weighing tons.

The Maya during the Pre-Classic period built pyramids over the Olmec pyramids to disguise the Olmec origin of these pyramids.
– Africans Came Before Columbus, Evidence of Africans in Ancient America, by Clyde A. Winters

There is also a connection to China...

The Olmec are known as the Xi People, a group that migrated from Africa. Another group of people who joined the Olmes were the Black Xia of China. According to historians such as Wayne B. Chandler (African Presence in Early America), two of China's earliest dynaties, the Shang and the Shia, were both heavily Black African/Black Oceanic dynasties, with Mongol Chinese as well. They dominated China about 2800 B.C. to 1100 B.C.

As early as 2200 B.C., members of the Black Shia began migrating out of China after they were replaced by the Black Shang Dynasty. The book, "A History of the African-Olmecs presents many references from Chinese sources to support the fact of Black civilizations in ancient China.

About 1100 B.C., migrants from northern China predominated by Mongoloids called Chou, invaded the Chang Kingdom and described the Chang as "black and oily skinned." During that period many of the Black Chang migrated to Southern China, Indo-China and the Pacific Islands. Others went to the Americas, where they met an established Black Mende culture in Mexico. - A History Of The African-Olmecs

It is also interesting to note that the Olmec/Xi people, who travelled to the America’s and China, that came from Africa, spoke Mande (language of the Manding people of West Africa). Mande is also said to be the substratum language for many Mexican languages as well as for Chinese.

> “Wiener (1922) and Lawrence (1961) have maintained that the Olmec writing was identical to the Manding writing used in Africa. Wiener believed that the Tuxtla statuette was engraved with Mande signs… This affinity between Olmec and Mande signs supported the hypothesis of Wiener that the Tuxtla statuette was written in a Mande/Malinke-Bambara language.” – Is Olmec Syllabic Writing African, Chinese or Mixe?, by Clyde A. Winters

The book "A History of the African-Olmecs" might be worth exploring:

Apart from the Olmecs, a number of other Black cultures and civilizations have been found to have existed in the Americas before Columbus and thousands of years before Christ. The book, "A History of the African-Olmecs," lists them as well as those who personally excavated, explored or spoke to the remnants of these early American Blacks of ancient African and Pacific Ocean origins.

The naturalist and author, I. Rafinesque (pp. 121, 186-187, 194, 208-209 lists many such Black nations in his work, "The Black Nations of America," (Atlantic Journal and Friend Knowledge; Philadelphia 1832/1833; p. 86. Some of these nations include the Washitaw of the Louisiana Territories who owned millions of acres of land, the Guale and Jamassee of the South-eastern U.S., the Black Caliornians of California and the South-western U.S. - A History Of The African-Olmecs

Another good resource:

The basic theme of my website are cultural contacts and migration covering the time range from human origin up to the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492. This website will present and serve internationally as a multidisciplinary basis for the highest stage of scientific knowledge of "Migration and Diffusion of Culture" in this area of time.

In the period from 2000 to 2005 24 journals entitled "Migration & Diffusion - an international journal" with 127 articles, written by 72 different authors, coming from 16 different countries have been published.

Migration & Diffusion

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You know the Iranians claim the same thing: link

Speaking of Iran...

A separate but related fire god is also found in Iran. The Haji Piruz is a Persian character symbolic of the ancient Zoroastrian fire-keeper. Notice that he wears black face makeup hinting at the appearance of the original Persian Fire keepers.

“Hāji Piruz or Hajji Firuz, in the language of literature is the traditional herald of Nowruz, the Persian New Year that is usually represented by Donya in first year of dabirestan. He oversees celebrations for the new year perhaps as a remnant of the ancient Zoroastrian fire-keeper. His face is covered in soot and he is clad in bright red clothes and a felt hat.”
– Blackface, Wikipedia

“It appears that Haji Firuz represents the red-dressed fire keepers of the Zoroastrians, who at the last Tuesday of the year, was sent by the white-dressed moghsor priests to spread the news about the arrival of the Nowruz. The fire-keeper’s second duty was to call on the people to burn their old items in the fire, and to renew their life and regain health by obtaining the solved energy of the fire… Mehrdad Bahar opined that the figure of the Haji Firuz is derived from ceremonies and legends connected to the epic of prince Siavash… He speculates that the name Siyāwaxš might mean “black man” or “dark-faced man” and suggests that the black part of the name may be a reference either to the blackening of the faces of the participants in the afore-mentioned Mesopotamian ceremonies, or to the black masks that they wore for the festivities.”
– Haiji Firuz, Wikipedia

 

[MaziarMohajer]

I sent the article " The Parthenon Mosque: An Alternative View " to " A collection of articles on the new chronology" Dr.Fomenko website on May 30, 2025.

Glad to see that it has appeared in " A draft collection of articles on the new chronology. Issue 19 " here

This is the only non-Russian article , so far.

I hope that it will be finally accepted by the members of the collection's board.

 

[MaziarMohajer]

I'm happy to say my article was accepted by the board. What's interesting is that I just sent the file as an attachment without mentioning anything about my background — even though I see other authors include their educational background at the start of their articles.

 

[Oracle]

The New Chronology, as proposed by Anatoly Fomenko and Postnikov suggests that the Parthenon might not be an ancient Greek temple but could instead be a medieval Christian structure, potentially constructed as late as the 13th century or even in the second half of the 14th century AD. From this perspective, its conversion into a mosque around 1460 may have been a gradual transition rather than an abrupt change, with religious elements coexisting before being formally separated into different traditions.

Between the 10th and 14th centuries, a structure integrating elements of Christianity, Islam, and remnants of pagan traditions was erected atop the Acropolis hills. Its minaret, incorporating intertwined Christian and Islamic architectural elements, may have borne a foundation inscription of a proto-mosque. The Arabic language of the time, along with Kufic script, belonged to the same shared Christian-Islamic cultural sphere. It was built for believers of an evolving religious tradition

Very interesting. Is there any evidence of whether or not this evolving religious tradition developed into a particular abrahamic new religion based on shared values?
That would definately be a spotlight time in history.

If so, I wonder what might have destroyed it in favour of maintaining the segregation that we see today.

Beautifully written article, thank you for sharing, and well done on having your submission accepted!
I am adding it as a link to the How to write a thread guide thread as a great example of a well written op.

 

[Oracle]

Following the theme of Dr. Barry Fell's work on the America's extensive pre-Columbian contact with Old World civilizations, I came across Dr. Clyde Winters.




There is also a connection to China...



View attachment 35121

The book "A History of the African-Olmecs" might be worth exploring:


Another good resource:

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Speaking of Iran...

View attachment 35122

You have added some very interesting material into this thread, really it should be in it's own thread with it's own focus as it goes beyond what this threads topic is.
Have you done so at all?
If not, I can migrate your directly off topic posts into a new thread, or you can start one yourself and I can remove those posts from this thread. Please let me know, I absolutely think your posts deserve their own thread.

 

[MaziarMohajer]

Very interesting. Is there any evidence of whether or not this evolving religious tradition developed into a particular abrahamic new religion based on shared values?
That would definately be a spotlight time in history.

If so, I wonder what might have destroyed it in favour of maintaining the segregation that we see today.

Beautifully written article, thank you for sharing, and well done on having your submission accepted!
I am adding it as a link to the How to write a thread guide thread as a great example of a well written op.

Hi and thank you for warm words.

There is a tradition—especially in the works of Rumi, Attar, and Hafiz—where the same themes appear explicitly: the unity of the spiritual path despite outward religious differences, a critique of sectarian division and dogmatic religiosity, and the view that real faith is inner submission. Sufi poets express that all true seekers walk the same road to God, whether they are Muslim, Christian, Jew, or pagan. According to the Qur'an too, there has been only one religion from the beginning of the world until its end.

So historically, there is the possibility of a real unity of religions, followed by segregation. This is what I have found in the works of Morozov and Fomenko, and also in a less radical form in the revisionist school of Islamic studies and the works of Fred Donner


A unity that, in my view, has diminished over the centuries.