As mentioned above, the oldest kingdom, of which only the vaguest records survive, is The Ancient First Rome or Old Rome in the Nile Valley. In Scaliger's version of history, which was created in the 17th century, there was a kingdom in the Nile Valley called Egypt. This appears to be incorrect. The original biblical Egypt has no relation to this kingdom. The Egypt of the Pentateuch of the Old Testament is, in fact, the Rus'-Horda (the Rus'-Horda Empire) of XIV-XVI cc. But henceforth, the Biblical name Egypt = Gypt = Kipchak was attributed to Africa and attributed to a truly ancient Kingdom in the Nile Valley. This resulted in confusion.
In the X-XI cc. the capital of this Kingdom is moved to the city of Yoros on the Asian coast of the Bosporus. We will provisionally call it The Second Rome. Aka Jerusalem of the Gospels, also known as "ancient" Troy. Then the capital moved to Rus', to Yaroslavl - Veliky Novgorod, also known as 'ancient Rome'. This in total was the Third Rome, which most "ancient authors" consider to be the first to ignore the previous incarnations. After a while, the capital of the Empire returned to the Bosporus, but not to its former location, it moved to the other side of the Bosporus, to its European shore, not to its Asian shore. It was there that emerged medieval Constantinople, also known as medieval Tsar-Grad of the late XIV-XV cc., Later - Turkish (Ottoman) Istanbul. In general, it was The Fourth Rome, or on a shorter account, the second. As we know, Moscow was later called the Third Rome (according to the short count). In some ancient texts, Tsar-Grad was known as Kiev. That is why some of the significant historical events in 'Kiev' took place in Tsar-Grad on the Bosporus. To summarize, 1st Rome: the Nile Valley (Alexandria, Cairo); 2nd Rome: Yoros = Jerusalem = Troy; 3rd Rome: Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' = Veliky Novgorod (Yaroslavl, Vladimir) = Rome of Enei-Rurik; 4th Rome; Constantinople; 5th Rome: Moscow. But when in the 16th century the Roma were counted, where Moscow was counted as the Third Rome (and not the Fifth), they clearly started counting not from the deep antiquity of Egypt-African, but from the Rome of Enei-Rurik, i.e., from Yaroslavl. Then, on the basis of the new Chronology, we generally describe the reconstruction of history up to and including the 18th century. It was followed by the next stage. They began to ask us: then, what did the famous 'classical' authors actually tell us? Herodotus, Thucydides, Titus Livy, Homer and the others? In answering the question, we analyzed virtually all the major 'classical' and medieval sources that form the basis of the Scaligerian history of antiquity, the construction of which, as we discovered, was rather late, in the 17th-18th centuries cc. In particular, we thoroughly investigated the following texts: the Bible (both Old and New Testaments), the Talmud, the Torah, the New and Old Testament 'Apocrypha', the Koran, the Book of Mormon, the Popol Vuh (the Sacred Book of the American K'iche Mayan People, Herodotus, Titus Livy, Claudius Ptolemy, Homer, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Plutarch, Thucydides, Xenophon, Plato, Aristophanes, Ovid, Polybius, Pausanius, Diodorus Siculus, Ammianus Marcellinus, Josephus Flavius, The Aggadah (Aramaic Tales), Appian of Alexandria, Apollodorus, Eutropius, Sextus Aurelius Victor, Aelius Spartianus, Iulius Capitolinus, Aelius Lampridius, Paulus Orosius, John Malalas, John Marcolas, Louis Marco del Carpine, the epic of 'ancient' India 'Mahabharata', the epic of 'ancient' Persia 'Shahnameh' (Ferdowsi), the 'ancient' Germanic heroic verse, the 'ancient' Old Norse Edda 'Elder Edda', Geoffrey of Monmouth, Nennius, the Anglo-Saxon Saxon Chronicle, Raphael Holinshed, Saxo Grammaticus, The Legend of King Arthur, The Legends of Alexander the Great, The Legend of Troy, the ancient French legends, some important Muslim sources, going further. Niketas Choniates, Anna Komnene, Procopius of Caesarea (and some other Byzantine authors), Geoffrey de Villehardouin, Robert deClari, 'The Primary Chronicle' (or 'Tale of Bygone Years') and the other important Russian chronicles (including the Siberian chronicles), the Russian epic multivolume 'The Russian Epic Multivolume The Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible' (Litsevoy Svod) (not long ago finally published by Akteon Publishing House, Moscow), Mavro Orbini, Philostratus (Life of Apollonius of Tyana), Iamblichus Chalcidensis, Diogenes Laertius, Porphyry of Tyana, Bartholomew de las Casas, Bernal Diaz del Castillo, the works of some of the Church Fathers, the ancient chronological works and tables (Joseph Juste Scaliger, Dionysius Petavius, Matthew Blastares and many others) . .. We will stop this list here.